RNSG1413 Final Exam Study Guide
With Correct Solution
Work Of Breathing - ANSWER The effort required to expand and contract the lungs
Oxygenated blood is ____ in CO2 and ____ in O2 - ANSWER low; high
SGA for Nutrition - ANSWER Subjective Global Assessment
History, intake, GI symptoms, functional capacity, physical appearance, edema, weight
change
What to assess for nutrition? - ANSWER Nutritional history, food preferences, values,
expectations
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) - ANSWER - A validated tool used for nutrition
screening and assessment for the population > 65yo
- Screens for malnutrition or risk of malnutrition
- A short form used for quick determination of an individual's nutritional status -- a
longer form is available for more detailed assessments
12-14 is normal; lower is greater risk of malnutrition
Anthropometry - ANSWER a measurement system of the size and makeup of the body
BMI (body mass index) - ANSWER Underweight - Less than 18.5
Normal - 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight - 25 - 29.9
Obese - 30 - 39.9
Measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height
weight relationships
How to calculate BMI - ANSWER weight (kg) / height (m^2) or weight (lbs) x 705/height
(in^2)
Dietary Health History - ANSWER Focuses on patient's habitual intake of foods and
liquids and information about preferences, allergies, and other relevant topics such as
ability to obtain food
Health status, age, cultural background, religious food patterns, socioeconomic status,
personal food preferences, psychological factors, use of alcohol or illegal drugs, use of
,vitamin, mineral or herbal supplements, prescription or OTC drugs, general nutrition
knowledge
Dysphagia - ANSWER difficulty swallowing; leads to inadequate PO intake and PNA
Who does the dysphagia assessment? - ANSWER Speech Pathologist
Planning: Nutrition Goals - ANSWER Reflect a patient's physiological, therapeutic, and
individualized needs
Environmental Theory - ANSWER Florence Nightingale Nurses should manipulate the
environment to promote healing; She linked the patient's health status with
environmental factors and initiated improved hygiene and sanitary conditions during the
Crimean War. She also states that nursing assessment is for the sake of saving lives and
increasing health and comfort.
Interpersonal Theory - ANSWER Peplau "the mother of psychiatric nursing"; Her focus
was interpersonal relations among a nurse, a patient, and a patient's family and
developing the nurse patient relationship; She stated that nurses can reduce anxiety by
developing therapeutic relationships with patients that are respectful, empathetic, and
nonjudgmental; The nurse and patient build goals together
Self-Care Deficit Theory - ANSWER Orem; A nurse continually assesses a patient's
ability to perform self-care and intervenes s needed to ensure that the patients meet
physical, psychological, sociological, and developmental needs; People who participate
in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes
Culture Care Theory - ANSWER Leininger; Human caring varies among cultures in its
expressions, processes, and patterns. Social structures are significant forces in
affecting care and influencing the patient's health and illness patterns; She affected
nurse training programs, who now discuss how to safely integrate practices into safe
care
Systems Theory - ANSWER Betty Neuman; Nurses view a patient (physical,
psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual) as being an open system that
is in constant energy exchange with both internal and external environments. Nurses
help a patient cope with intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extra-personal stressors that
can break through a patient's line of defense and cause illness.
Adaptation Theory - ANSWER Roy; Nurses help a patient cope with or adapt to changes
in physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence domains
Caring Theory - ANSWER Watson; Nurses understand that caring is a fundamental
component of nursing practice and is based on 10 carative factors.; Caring occurs when
a nurse and patient engage in a transpersonal relationship that facilitates that patient's
ability for self-healing
Skill Acquisition Theory - ANSWER Benner: Nurses progress through five stages of skill
acquisition: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert
, Four overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 - ANSWER 1. Attain high quality, longer
lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
3. Create social/physical environments that promote good health for all
4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages
Health and illness are defined according to: - ANSWER individual perception
Health Beliefs - ANSWER a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and
illness. They may be based on fact, myth, common sense, or false expectations.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety
and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5)
Self Actualization
Levels of Prevention - ANSWER Primary: prevent/promotion Secondary: screen-early
detection Tertiary: treat- to prevent further deterioration, rehab
What is evidence based practice? - ANSWER a problem-solving approach to clinical
practice that integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination with a
clinician's expertise and patient preferences/values in making decisions about patient
care. EBP is a goal of healthcare organizations and an expectation of professional
nurses.
Seven Steps of Evidence-Based Practice - ANSWER 0- spirit of inquiry
1-ask clinical questions
2-search for the best evidence
3-critically appraise the evidence
4-integrate the evidence
5-evaluate the outcomes
6-disseminate results
PICOT question - ANSWER P- patient population of interest
I- intervention of interest
C- comparison of interest
O- outcome
T- time
With Correct Solution
Work Of Breathing - ANSWER The effort required to expand and contract the lungs
Oxygenated blood is ____ in CO2 and ____ in O2 - ANSWER low; high
SGA for Nutrition - ANSWER Subjective Global Assessment
History, intake, GI symptoms, functional capacity, physical appearance, edema, weight
change
What to assess for nutrition? - ANSWER Nutritional history, food preferences, values,
expectations
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) - ANSWER - A validated tool used for nutrition
screening and assessment for the population > 65yo
- Screens for malnutrition or risk of malnutrition
- A short form used for quick determination of an individual's nutritional status -- a
longer form is available for more detailed assessments
12-14 is normal; lower is greater risk of malnutrition
Anthropometry - ANSWER a measurement system of the size and makeup of the body
BMI (body mass index) - ANSWER Underweight - Less than 18.5
Normal - 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight - 25 - 29.9
Obese - 30 - 39.9
Measures weight corrected for height and serves as an alternative to traditional height
weight relationships
How to calculate BMI - ANSWER weight (kg) / height (m^2) or weight (lbs) x 705/height
(in^2)
Dietary Health History - ANSWER Focuses on patient's habitual intake of foods and
liquids and information about preferences, allergies, and other relevant topics such as
ability to obtain food
Health status, age, cultural background, religious food patterns, socioeconomic status,
personal food preferences, psychological factors, use of alcohol or illegal drugs, use of
,vitamin, mineral or herbal supplements, prescription or OTC drugs, general nutrition
knowledge
Dysphagia - ANSWER difficulty swallowing; leads to inadequate PO intake and PNA
Who does the dysphagia assessment? - ANSWER Speech Pathologist
Planning: Nutrition Goals - ANSWER Reflect a patient's physiological, therapeutic, and
individualized needs
Environmental Theory - ANSWER Florence Nightingale Nurses should manipulate the
environment to promote healing; She linked the patient's health status with
environmental factors and initiated improved hygiene and sanitary conditions during the
Crimean War. She also states that nursing assessment is for the sake of saving lives and
increasing health and comfort.
Interpersonal Theory - ANSWER Peplau "the mother of psychiatric nursing"; Her focus
was interpersonal relations among a nurse, a patient, and a patient's family and
developing the nurse patient relationship; She stated that nurses can reduce anxiety by
developing therapeutic relationships with patients that are respectful, empathetic, and
nonjudgmental; The nurse and patient build goals together
Self-Care Deficit Theory - ANSWER Orem; A nurse continually assesses a patient's
ability to perform self-care and intervenes s needed to ensure that the patients meet
physical, psychological, sociological, and developmental needs; People who participate
in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes
Culture Care Theory - ANSWER Leininger; Human caring varies among cultures in its
expressions, processes, and patterns. Social structures are significant forces in
affecting care and influencing the patient's health and illness patterns; She affected
nurse training programs, who now discuss how to safely integrate practices into safe
care
Systems Theory - ANSWER Betty Neuman; Nurses view a patient (physical,
psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual) as being an open system that
is in constant energy exchange with both internal and external environments. Nurses
help a patient cope with intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extra-personal stressors that
can break through a patient's line of defense and cause illness.
Adaptation Theory - ANSWER Roy; Nurses help a patient cope with or adapt to changes
in physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence domains
Caring Theory - ANSWER Watson; Nurses understand that caring is a fundamental
component of nursing practice and is based on 10 carative factors.; Caring occurs when
a nurse and patient engage in a transpersonal relationship that facilitates that patient's
ability for self-healing
Skill Acquisition Theory - ANSWER Benner: Nurses progress through five stages of skill
acquisition: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, expert
, Four overarching goals of Healthy People 2020 - ANSWER 1. Attain high quality, longer
lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
3. Create social/physical environments that promote good health for all
4. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages
Health and illness are defined according to: - ANSWER individual perception
Health Beliefs - ANSWER a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and
illness. They may be based on fact, myth, common sense, or false expectations.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER (level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety
and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5)
Self Actualization
Levels of Prevention - ANSWER Primary: prevent/promotion Secondary: screen-early
detection Tertiary: treat- to prevent further deterioration, rehab
What is evidence based practice? - ANSWER a problem-solving approach to clinical
practice that integrates the conscientious use of best evidence in combination with a
clinician's expertise and patient preferences/values in making decisions about patient
care. EBP is a goal of healthcare organizations and an expectation of professional
nurses.
Seven Steps of Evidence-Based Practice - ANSWER 0- spirit of inquiry
1-ask clinical questions
2-search for the best evidence
3-critically appraise the evidence
4-integrate the evidence
5-evaluate the outcomes
6-disseminate results
PICOT question - ANSWER P- patient population of interest
I- intervention of interest
C- comparison of interest
O- outcome
T- time
