Orthopedic Nursing Care Exam Study Questions
and Answers| Latest Version 2024-25
Causes of repetitive use Injuries - ✔✔Twisting and turning wrist
Pronating and supinating forearm
Kneeling
Raising arms over head
Dislocation - ✔✔injury in which the ends of the bones are displaced out of their normal
position and joint articulation is lost
Carpal Tunnel - ✔✔a cannal through which flexor tendons and the median nerve pass from
the wrist to the hand. Sybdrome: compression of the median nerve as a result of inflammation
and swelling of the synovial lining. Alleviated by shaking or massaging the fingers.
Bursitis - ✔✔an enclosed sac found between muscles, tendons, and bony prominences,
inflammation of these. Caused by friction between bursa and surrounding tissue. Common
Places: Shoulder, hip, knee, elbow.
Epicondylitis - ✔✔inflammation of the tendon at its point of origin into the humerus.
Increase mobility and alleviate pain
Hematoma Formation - ✔✔First Phase of Fracture healing. Localized necrosis, heightened
inflammatory response. Inflammation, bleeding and hemotoma. Fibroblasts, lymphocytes
(inflammation), macrophages migrate to fracture site.
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation - ✔✔Second Phase of Fracture Healing. Occurs within 48
hours of injury, granulation tissue replaces hematoma. base is laid for bone growth, and they
cannot yet bear weight.
, Bony Callus Formation - ✔✔Third Phase of Fracture healing. Occurs 3-4 weeks after injury,
formation and gradual mineralization of collagen fibers and bone matrix
Remodeling - ✔✔Last stage of Fracture healing (4th). Removal of excess callus, remodeling
by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Compact bone replaces spongey bone.
Compartment syndrome - ✔✔Occurs when pressure within a confined space constricts and
entraps the structures within. Can lead to limb loss, sepsis, ARF. Early signs: pain, normal or
decreased peripheral pulse. Later signs: cyanosis, parethesias, paresis, severe pain. Tx: alleviate
pressure, removal of cast, fasciotomy. Do NOT elevate or use ice
Fat embolism Syndrome - ✔✔Characterized by neurologic dysfunction, pulmonary
insufficiency, and a petechial rash on the chest, axilla, and upper arms. Bone fracture results in
a rise of pressure in the bone marrow, fet globules enter the bloodstream and combine with
platelets. They occlude small blood vessels, and cause tissue ischemia. Signs: confusion,
changes in LOC, petechiae, soft palate, conjunctiva. TX: Intubation, fluid balance,
corticosteriods.
Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) - ✔✔Blood clot forms along the intimal lining of a large vein,
accompanied by inflammation of the vein wall. Can lead to venous insufficiency, pulmonary
embolism. Signs: Swelling, pain, tenderness, or cramping of the affected extremity.Can be
asymptomatic TX: prevention is best.
Delayed Union - ✔✔Prolonged healing of the bones beyond the usual time period.
Diagnosed with serial x-ray studies. May lead to nonunion. Usually affects long bones
Delayed Nonunion - ✔✔can cause persistant pain and movement at the fracture site. may
require surgical intervention, such as internal fixation and bone grafting. Electronic or ultrasonic
stimulation of the fracture site may be effective to promote healing. Usually affects long bones
and Answers| Latest Version 2024-25
Causes of repetitive use Injuries - ✔✔Twisting and turning wrist
Pronating and supinating forearm
Kneeling
Raising arms over head
Dislocation - ✔✔injury in which the ends of the bones are displaced out of their normal
position and joint articulation is lost
Carpal Tunnel - ✔✔a cannal through which flexor tendons and the median nerve pass from
the wrist to the hand. Sybdrome: compression of the median nerve as a result of inflammation
and swelling of the synovial lining. Alleviated by shaking or massaging the fingers.
Bursitis - ✔✔an enclosed sac found between muscles, tendons, and bony prominences,
inflammation of these. Caused by friction between bursa and surrounding tissue. Common
Places: Shoulder, hip, knee, elbow.
Epicondylitis - ✔✔inflammation of the tendon at its point of origin into the humerus.
Increase mobility and alleviate pain
Hematoma Formation - ✔✔First Phase of Fracture healing. Localized necrosis, heightened
inflammatory response. Inflammation, bleeding and hemotoma. Fibroblasts, lymphocytes
(inflammation), macrophages migrate to fracture site.
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation - ✔✔Second Phase of Fracture Healing. Occurs within 48
hours of injury, granulation tissue replaces hematoma. base is laid for bone growth, and they
cannot yet bear weight.
, Bony Callus Formation - ✔✔Third Phase of Fracture healing. Occurs 3-4 weeks after injury,
formation and gradual mineralization of collagen fibers and bone matrix
Remodeling - ✔✔Last stage of Fracture healing (4th). Removal of excess callus, remodeling
by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Compact bone replaces spongey bone.
Compartment syndrome - ✔✔Occurs when pressure within a confined space constricts and
entraps the structures within. Can lead to limb loss, sepsis, ARF. Early signs: pain, normal or
decreased peripheral pulse. Later signs: cyanosis, parethesias, paresis, severe pain. Tx: alleviate
pressure, removal of cast, fasciotomy. Do NOT elevate or use ice
Fat embolism Syndrome - ✔✔Characterized by neurologic dysfunction, pulmonary
insufficiency, and a petechial rash on the chest, axilla, and upper arms. Bone fracture results in
a rise of pressure in the bone marrow, fet globules enter the bloodstream and combine with
platelets. They occlude small blood vessels, and cause tissue ischemia. Signs: confusion,
changes in LOC, petechiae, soft palate, conjunctiva. TX: Intubation, fluid balance,
corticosteriods.
Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) - ✔✔Blood clot forms along the intimal lining of a large vein,
accompanied by inflammation of the vein wall. Can lead to venous insufficiency, pulmonary
embolism. Signs: Swelling, pain, tenderness, or cramping of the affected extremity.Can be
asymptomatic TX: prevention is best.
Delayed Union - ✔✔Prolonged healing of the bones beyond the usual time period.
Diagnosed with serial x-ray studies. May lead to nonunion. Usually affects long bones
Delayed Nonunion - ✔✔can cause persistant pain and movement at the fracture site. may
require surgical intervention, such as internal fixation and bone grafting. Electronic or ultrasonic
stimulation of the fracture site may be effective to promote healing. Usually affects long bones
