Test Bank for Biology Life on Earth with Physiology, 11th Edition (Audesirk, 2017) Chapter 1-46 All Chapters

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MULTIPLEf CHOICE.f Choosef thef onef alternativef thatf bestf completesf thef statementf orf answersf thef question.

1) Af substancef withf specificf propertiesf thatf cannotf bef brokenf downf orf convertedf intof anotherf substancef isf calledfa(
n)
A) molecule.
B) compound.
C) mixture.
D) ion.
E) element.f
Answer:f E

2) Iff youf examinedf thef humanf bodyf onf af chemicalf compositionf basis,f whichf off thef followingf combinationsf offele
mentsfwouldfbefmostfcommon?
A) O,fC,fH,fN
B) O,fC,fN,fNa
C) C,fH,fCa,fCl
D) C,fN,fCa,fS
E) O,fC,fP,fSf
Answer:f A

3) Thefatomicfnumberfoffanfatomfisfdefinedfasfthe
A) totalf numberf off electronsf andf neutrons.
B) totalfnumberfoffenergyfshells.
C) numberfoffprotonsfinfthefatomicfnucleus.
D) numberfoffneutronsfinfthefatomicfnucleus.
E) numberf off electronsf inf thef outermostf energyf level.f
Answer:f C

4) Phosphorusf hasf anf atomicf numberf off 15,f sof whatf isf thef distributionf off itsf electrons?
A) Thef first,f second,f andf thirdf energyf levelsf havef 5f electronsf each.
B) Theffirstfenergyflevelfhasf8fandfthefsecondfhasf7.
C) Theffirstfenergyflevelfhasf2,fthefsecondfhasf8,fandfthefthirdfhasf5.
D) Theffirstfenergyflevelfhasf2fandfthefsecondfhasf13.
E) Thef electronf arrangementf cannotf bef determinedf fromf thef atomicf numberf alone.fA
nswer:f C

5) Whichf fourf elementsf makef upf approximatelyf 96%f off livingf matter?
A) Carbon,f hydrogen,f nitrogen,f oxygen
B) Carbon,f oxygen,f calcium,f sulfur
C) Carbon,f sodium,f chlorine,f magnesium
D) Carbon,f phosphorus,f hydrogen,f sulfur
E) Oxygen,f hydrogen,f calcium,f sodiumf
Answer:f A

6) Imaginefthatfyoufhavefbeenfhiredfasfafchemistfandfyourffirstftaskfisftofexaminefafnewlyfdiscoveredfatom.fThefpa
perworkfyoufarefgivenfstatesfthatfitsfatomicfnumberfisf110.fWhatfdoesfthisfmean?
A) Thefatomfcontainsf55fprotonsfandf55fneutrons.
B) Thefatomfcontainsf55felectrons.
C) Thefatomfisfanfisotope.
D) Thef atomf containsf 110f protons.f
Answer:f D




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7) Ironfisfanfimportantfelementfinfhumanfbodyfcells.fIffironfhasfanfatomicfnumberfoff26,fwhatfdoesfthisftellfyoufabo
utfthisfelement?
A) Anfironfatomfhasf26fprotons.
B) Anfironfatomfisfunableftofbecomefanfisotope.
C) Anfironfatomfhasf13felectronsfandf13fprotons.
D) Anfironfatomfhasf13fprotonsfandf13fneutrons.f
Answer:f A

8) Carbon-14f isf oftenf usedf forf carbonf dating,f wheref scientistsf measuref thef ratef off carbon-
14f decayf tof determinefthef agef off items.f Carbon-
14f containsf sixf protonsf andf eightf neutrons.f Duringf thef processf off carbon-
14f decay,fonefoffitsfeightfneutronsfbecomesfafprotonfandfanfelectronfisfemitted.fWhichfofftheffollowingfisfthefb
estfexplanationfoffwhatfhasfoccurred?
A) Thefresultingfatomfisfstillfcarbon-14.
B) Thefresultingfatomfhasfafmorefstablefnucleus.
C) Anfionicfbondfhasfformed.
D) Thefresultingfatomfisfnowfafdifferentfelementfbecausefthefnumberfoffprotonsfhasfchanged.fA
nswer:f D

9) Radioactivef isotopesf aref biologicalf toolsf thatf aref oftenf usedf to
A) detectf brainf tumorsf andf otherf importantf medicalf technologies.
B) buildfupfafstorefoffcalciumfinfafcell.
C) increasefthefpHfoffblood.
D) measuref thef sizef off fossils.f
Answer:f A

10) Forf anf atomf tof achievef maximumf stabilityf andf becomef chemicallyf inert,f whatf mustf occur?
A) Ionizationf occurs.
B) Itsf outermostf energyf shellf mustf bef completelyf filledf withf electrons.
C) Electronfpairsfarefshared.
D) Thef numberf off electronsf mustf equalf thef numberf off protons.f
Answer:f B

11) Anfatom'sfnucleusfisfcomposedfof
A) neutronsf andf electrons.
B) protonsfonly.
C) protonsf andf electrons.
D) protonsf andf neutrons.
E) neutronsf only.
Answer:f D

12) Thefformationfoffionsfinvolvesfthe
A) sharingfoffprotons.
B) gainforflossfoffprotons.
C) sharingfoffelectrons.
D) gainforflossfoffneutrons.
E) gainforflossfoffelectrons.f
Answer:f E




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13) Iffafcertainfatomfhasfaftendencyftofloseftwofelectrons,fthatfatomfcanfthenfbecomefa(n)
A) polarfmolecule.
B) ion.
C) isotope.
D) waterf molecule.
Answer:f B

14) Thefformationfoffsodiumfchloridef(NaCl)fisfthefresultfof
A) attractionf betweenf oppositef charges.
B) chemicalfunreactivity.
C) covalentf bonding.
D) repellingf betweenf thef samef charges.f
Answer:f A

15) Atomsf orf moleculesf thatf havef gainedf orf lostf electronsf aref called
A) bases.
B) ions.
C) acids.
D) buffers.
E) covalent.f
Answer:f B

16) Mostfbiologicalfmoleculesfarefjoinedfby
A) ionicfbonds.
B) peptidefbonds.
C) covalentfbonds.
D) hydrogenf bonds.
E) disulfidef bonds.f
Answer:f C

17) Sulfurf isf anf essentialf elementf inf thef humanf body,f andf studyingf itsf characteristicsf isf importantf inf understandingfhu
manf physiology.f Sulfurf atomsf havef sixf electronsf inf theirf outerf shell.f Basedf onf thisf information,f whichf off theffollow
ingfisfTRUE?
A) Sulfurfhasfeightfelectronsfinfitsfouterfshell.
B) Sulfurfisfinert.
C) Sulfurfisfanfimportantfisotopefoffhydrogen.
D) Sulfurf canf formf importantf moleculesf usingf covalentf bonds.f
Answer:f D

18) Freef radicalsf containf unpairedf electronsf inf theirf outermostf energyf shell,f sof theyf reactf readilyf withf otherf atomsforf
moleculesftofreachfafmorefstablefstate.fWhichfofftheffollowingfcouldfpotentiallyfbefaffreefradical?
A) Heliumf (atomicf numberf 2)
B) Magnesiumf (atomicf numberf 12)
C) Neonf (atomicf numberf 10)
D) Fluorinef(atomicfnumberf9)f
Answer:f D




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