World Music Chapter 11 Questions and Answers

World Music Chapter 11 Questions and Answers Founding fathers of the Tropicalia movement Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil Riffs Short, recurring patterns (ostinatos) that are repeated over and over, often with variations, and layered atop the other. Important feature of arrangements in mambo, salsa, and other Latin music styles. Cha Cha Cha A Cuban dance-music genre characterized by relatively simple dance rhythms and singing; originated with Enrique Jorrin around 1950 and eventually gained international popularity. Samba Umbrella term for a wide range of musical traditions of Brazil that share in common Afro-Brazilian musical and cultural ancestry; energetic percussion, call-and-response singing, improvisation, and grand spectacle including dance and dramatic presentations. Bossa Nova Brazilian genre that emerged in the late 1950s and achieved great popularity in Brazil and internationally in the 1960s. Combined elements of Samba and jazz in a cool, laid-back style. Tropicalia Radical and innovative movement in Brazilian arts, culture, and social activism of the late 1960s that privileged an aesthetic of so-called cannibalism. Musical Cannibalism The selective devouring of elements of foreign cultures for absorption and transformation into Brazilian cultural products. Tango Sensuous dance-music style of Argentina and Uruguay that achieved international popularity in 1920s -1930s and was developed and transformed in later years by the innovations of modern masters such as Astor Piazolla Steel Band Large percussion orchestra of Trinidad and Tobago. Features pans (steel drums), that are made from oil drums. Mariachi Popular music of Mexico that developed mainly in Mexico City through the synthesis of regional forms from rural areas and an eclectic range of Mexican and international musical styles. Latin music Musics of Latin America and Latino/American communities in the U.S and elsewhere as well. Rumba Traditional Afro-Cuban secular dance music featuring singing and music played on conga drums and other instruments Dazon Creolized Cuban dance-music genre that essentially became the national dance of Cuba in 1920s. Important forerunner of the danzon-mambo and the cha cha cha. Closely identified with the charanga ensemble. Son Important as symbol of Cuban nationalism. Afro-Cuban dance-music style that gained popularity from 1920s onward, influencing related styles of danzon, danzon-mambo, and mambo. Prefiguring later developments like salsa and Latin jazz. Dazon-mambo More Afro-Cubanized version of the earlier danzon; created and popularized by Arcano y sus Maravillas. Mambo Highly Afro-Cubanized form of Latin music that was crystallized by Perez Prado Latin Rock Hybri of Latin music styles and rock. Most closely identified with Santana. Santeria Afro-Cuban religion based on traditional West African religious practices of the Yoruba people syncretized with Catholicism. Sacred ritual music employing the bata drums is central. Newyorican New York resident of Puerto Rican descent. Includes both New York natives and Puerto Rican immigrants. Characteristics of Samba styles Polyrhythmic textures. Percussive rhythmic patterns. Call-and-response singing. Improvisational Elements. Bandoneon Box-shaped accordion of German ancestry that typically serves as the lead intrument in an Argentine or Uruguayan tango band. Astor Piazzolla Master of the Bandoneon. Dominant figure in tango music throughout second half of 20th century. Ayllu Indigenous term for "Native community" of the South American Andes. Shared family lineages, locations of residence and ancestry and cultural practices define ayllu membership. Andean Folkloric Music Modern, urban, cosmopolitan transformation of the musical traditions of rural, indigenous Andean peoples. Features instruments like the kena, siku, charango, and bombo in stylized and polished arrrangements that promote a kind of constructed, folklorized form of Andean authenticity. Clave Fundamental rhythm of Latin music; comes in four different varieties; often played on claves, but even if not actually played its presence is always implied. Claves Instrument consisting of a pair of thick, round sticks that are struck together. Identified with the clave rhythm. Charanga "Sweet-sounding" Cuban ensemble associated with the danzon, and other dance-music styles. Usually includes flute, violins, piano, bass, and percussion (plus singers). Big Band Mambo The highly syncretic mambo style of the 1950s indentified with New York based bandleaders such as Tito Puente. Incorporated more Afro-Cuban and American jazz and popular music elements than did the earlier Cuban mambo style.