DAANCE Module 3: Anesthetic Drugs and Techniques
Brevital (Sodium Methohexital) - ✔✔Primary anesthetic agent introduced in the 1960's.
Balanced Anesthesia - ✔✔Use of several agents together
Basic Requisites of an Anesthetic - ✔✔Lack of toxicity, non-flammable, non-addictive, minimal
allergenicity.
Analgesia - ✔✔Given to feel no pain (ex: Fentanyl and Local)
Amnesia - ✔✔Benzodiazepines (ex: Versed)
Relaxation & Immobility - ✔✔Versed, Propofol (Diprivan), Brevital (Methohexital), Ketamine
Loss of Consciousness (Hypnosis) - ✔✔Propofol & Brevital
Wakefulness System - ✔✔Core of brainstem, neurons to cerebrum. When a sleep inducing drug is
introduced it interrupts transmission.
Anxiolytic (Anxiety Reducing) Meds - ✔✔Diazepam or Midazolam
Relay Center - ✔✔Sensory neurons that sense pain pass through this.
Homeostasis (Homeostatic State) - ✔✔Normal state in which there is minimal variation in respiration
and circulation.
Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔The effects that the body has on drugs.
Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔The effects that the drug has on various body systems.
, Rapid Redistribution - ✔✔Short acting drug only remain attached to the receptor sites for a short time
and then move to the other tissues.
PO (per os) - ✔✔Through the mouth.
(Delayed onset, unpredictable effects, patient compliance, not good when pt in nauseated)
Subcutaneous (SQ) - ✔✔Beneath the Skin
(Absorption is somewhat delayed compared to IM or IV)
Intramuscular (IM) - ✔✔In the muscle
(Unpredictable onset of drug effect, cannot titrate the dose)
Intravenous (IV) - ✔✔In the vein
Inhalation Route - ✔✔Inhaled
(Very rapid absorption and titration)
4 Levels of Continuum - ✔✔Minimal Sedation, Moderate Sedation, Deep Sedation (Analgesia), and
General Anesthesia
Minimal Sedation (Anxiolysis) - ✔✔Normal response to verbal stimulation, cardiovascular function
unaffected.
Moderate Sedation (Conscious Sedation) - ✔✔Normal response to verbal or light tactile stimulation with
cardiovascular function usually maintained.
Deep Sedation (Analgesia) - ✔✔Not easily aroused but has purposeful response after repeated or painful
stimulation.
Brevital (Sodium Methohexital) - ✔✔Primary anesthetic agent introduced in the 1960's.
Balanced Anesthesia - ✔✔Use of several agents together
Basic Requisites of an Anesthetic - ✔✔Lack of toxicity, non-flammable, non-addictive, minimal
allergenicity.
Analgesia - ✔✔Given to feel no pain (ex: Fentanyl and Local)
Amnesia - ✔✔Benzodiazepines (ex: Versed)
Relaxation & Immobility - ✔✔Versed, Propofol (Diprivan), Brevital (Methohexital), Ketamine
Loss of Consciousness (Hypnosis) - ✔✔Propofol & Brevital
Wakefulness System - ✔✔Core of brainstem, neurons to cerebrum. When a sleep inducing drug is
introduced it interrupts transmission.
Anxiolytic (Anxiety Reducing) Meds - ✔✔Diazepam or Midazolam
Relay Center - ✔✔Sensory neurons that sense pain pass through this.
Homeostasis (Homeostatic State) - ✔✔Normal state in which there is minimal variation in respiration
and circulation.
Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔The effects that the body has on drugs.
Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔The effects that the drug has on various body systems.
, Rapid Redistribution - ✔✔Short acting drug only remain attached to the receptor sites for a short time
and then move to the other tissues.
PO (per os) - ✔✔Through the mouth.
(Delayed onset, unpredictable effects, patient compliance, not good when pt in nauseated)
Subcutaneous (SQ) - ✔✔Beneath the Skin
(Absorption is somewhat delayed compared to IM or IV)
Intramuscular (IM) - ✔✔In the muscle
(Unpredictable onset of drug effect, cannot titrate the dose)
Intravenous (IV) - ✔✔In the vein
Inhalation Route - ✔✔Inhaled
(Very rapid absorption and titration)
4 Levels of Continuum - ✔✔Minimal Sedation, Moderate Sedation, Deep Sedation (Analgesia), and
General Anesthesia
Minimal Sedation (Anxiolysis) - ✔✔Normal response to verbal stimulation, cardiovascular function
unaffected.
Moderate Sedation (Conscious Sedation) - ✔✔Normal response to verbal or light tactile stimulation with
cardiovascular function usually maintained.
Deep Sedation (Analgesia) - ✔✔Not easily aroused but has purposeful response after repeated or painful
stimulation.
