ADVANCED ASSESSMENT: INTERPRETING FINDINGS AND FORMULATING DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES 5th Edition by Goolsby test bank is not a book but rather exam practice questions and answers

Test Bank for Advanced Assessment: Interpreting Findings
and Formulating Differential Diagnoses, 5th Edition, Mary Jo
Goolsby, Laurie Grubbs Chapter 1 - 22 | Complete

,Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Multiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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fi 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

fi 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic fi fi


B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language fi fi fi fi fi fi fi


C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient’s s tatements
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Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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fi 3. A. Chief complaint fi


B. History of the present illness fi fi fi fi


C. Current vital s igns fi fi


D. All of the above are essential history components
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Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must bea
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fi 4. ble to: fi


A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings fi fi fi fi fi


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
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C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi fi


D. Foresee unpredictable findings fi fi




The following is the least reliable s ource of information for diagnostic statistics:
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fi 5. A. Evidence-based investigations fi


B. Primary reports of research fi fi fi


C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience fi fi fi fi fi


D. Published meta-analyses fi




The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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fi 6. A. Algorithmpublished in a peer-reviewed journal article fi fi fi fi fi fi


B. Clinical practice guidelines fi fi


C. Evidence-based research fi


D. All of the above fi fi fi




If a diagnostic study has high s ensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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fi 7. B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result
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C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above fi fi fi

,fi 8. If a diagnostic study has high s pecificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result
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D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result
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fi 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease
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C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease
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fi fif if i 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in s elect si
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tuations, settings, and/orpatients?
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A. Clinical p ractice guideline fi fi if


B. Clinical decision rule Clin fi fi fi


C. ical algorithm Clinical r ec
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D. ommendation

, Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE fi




1. ANS: B f i


Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with
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fairly common errors. In contrast, analytical decision-
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making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliabilitywith rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D f i


To obtain adequate history, providers must be well o rganized, attentive to the patient’s verbal andn
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onverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions. Rather t
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han reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C f i


Vital s igns are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the healthhisto
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ry.

PTS: 1
4. ANS: D f i


While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between no
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rmal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated si
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gns and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions, and
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distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings. fi fi fi fi fi fi




PTS: 1
5. ANS: C f i


Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published me
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ta-
analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and available for a
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pplication to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s experience, although
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these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clini
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cal reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that clinical reasoning be based o
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n scientific evidence. Evidence-
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based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision
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-making.

PTS: 1
6. ANS: D f i


To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developedto assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clini
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cal practice guidelines, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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