OCCTH 585 - Test 1 Questions and Answers
plastic - Answercapable of being molded
/.neuron - Answermain communicating cells of the CNS
/.threshold - Answerthe level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
/.Neuroplasticity - Answermultiple processes and multiple opportunities for neurone to
change their behaviour
/.3 ways neuroplasticity occurs - Answer1. change the properties of neurotransmission
- change in transmitter release
- change in PSP size or shape
2. change in cell properties
- size and shape
- electrical properties (resistance)
- "leakiness" of membrane
3. structural/anatomical changes of cell
/.unmasking - Answerthe exposure of silent synapses
/.unmasking steps - Answer1. cell responds to dominant input
2. injury or disease occurs
3. non-dominant input is expressed
/.dendritic pruning - Answerremoval of connections that are no longer needed or
incorrect
/.dendritic pruning steps - Answer1. loss of input to the neuron
2. dendrites retract
/.collateral sprouting - Answerthe process by which axons of some healthy neurons
adjacent to damaged cells grow new branches
/.collateral sprouting steps - Answer1. no input to neuron
2. dendrites start to retract
3. healthy nerve in the area sends out new inputs
4. form new connections on the dendrites
/.activity dependent - Answera property of neural plasticity such that changes in a
neuron's functioning will occur only if that neuron is active (firing) at the same time as
another neuron
, /.neurogenesis - Answerthe development of new neurons
/.neurogenesis locations - Answer1. sub ventricular zone (olfactory bulb)
2. dente gyrus of hippocampus
/.fetal cells - Answerbasic cells that can be turned into any other cella
/.activity dependent steps - Answer1. neural activity (the firing of APs in neurons
2. release of NT at synapses
3. cell has to be active to take up the signal
4. produce collateral sprouts in neurone that are active
/.neurotrophins - Answerused to stabilize the position of the synapse
/.axonal guidance - Answerthe process by which immature neurons migrate out and
axons grow out towards their target
/.growth cone - Answergrowing tip of an axon with filopodia that grow out in many
different directions
/.growth cone steps - Answer1. target cell releases a signal that promotes or inhibits
growth
2. growth cone responds to signal
3. filopodia extend out trying to reach signal
4. filopodia grows towards target
/.guide cells - Answercells within a growing embryo that produce a chemical signal for
growth that bridge gaps to our target
/.guide cell steps - Answer1. guide cell releases appropriate chemical messenger
2. neurone reaches guide cell
3. guide cell shuts off
4. next guide cell turns on
/.growth cone collapse - Answeroccurs when the growth cone comes in contact large
repellant signal and the growth cone retracts
/.growth cone collapse steps - Answer1. growth cone comes near a repellant signal
2. growth cone begins to retract
3. growth cone begins looking for where to grow next
/.neuron injury - Answer1. terminal degeneration
2. Wallerian degenration
3. myelin debris
4. macrophage infiltration
5. chromatolysis
plastic - Answercapable of being molded
/.neuron - Answermain communicating cells of the CNS
/.threshold - Answerthe level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
/.Neuroplasticity - Answermultiple processes and multiple opportunities for neurone to
change their behaviour
/.3 ways neuroplasticity occurs - Answer1. change the properties of neurotransmission
- change in transmitter release
- change in PSP size or shape
2. change in cell properties
- size and shape
- electrical properties (resistance)
- "leakiness" of membrane
3. structural/anatomical changes of cell
/.unmasking - Answerthe exposure of silent synapses
/.unmasking steps - Answer1. cell responds to dominant input
2. injury or disease occurs
3. non-dominant input is expressed
/.dendritic pruning - Answerremoval of connections that are no longer needed or
incorrect
/.dendritic pruning steps - Answer1. loss of input to the neuron
2. dendrites retract
/.collateral sprouting - Answerthe process by which axons of some healthy neurons
adjacent to damaged cells grow new branches
/.collateral sprouting steps - Answer1. no input to neuron
2. dendrites start to retract
3. healthy nerve in the area sends out new inputs
4. form new connections on the dendrites
/.activity dependent - Answera property of neural plasticity such that changes in a
neuron's functioning will occur only if that neuron is active (firing) at the same time as
another neuron
, /.neurogenesis - Answerthe development of new neurons
/.neurogenesis locations - Answer1. sub ventricular zone (olfactory bulb)
2. dente gyrus of hippocampus
/.fetal cells - Answerbasic cells that can be turned into any other cella
/.activity dependent steps - Answer1. neural activity (the firing of APs in neurons
2. release of NT at synapses
3. cell has to be active to take up the signal
4. produce collateral sprouts in neurone that are active
/.neurotrophins - Answerused to stabilize the position of the synapse
/.axonal guidance - Answerthe process by which immature neurons migrate out and
axons grow out towards their target
/.growth cone - Answergrowing tip of an axon with filopodia that grow out in many
different directions
/.growth cone steps - Answer1. target cell releases a signal that promotes or inhibits
growth
2. growth cone responds to signal
3. filopodia extend out trying to reach signal
4. filopodia grows towards target
/.guide cells - Answercells within a growing embryo that produce a chemical signal for
growth that bridge gaps to our target
/.guide cell steps - Answer1. guide cell releases appropriate chemical messenger
2. neurone reaches guide cell
3. guide cell shuts off
4. next guide cell turns on
/.growth cone collapse - Answeroccurs when the growth cone comes in contact large
repellant signal and the growth cone retracts
/.growth cone collapse steps - Answer1. growth cone comes near a repellant signal
2. growth cone begins to retract
3. growth cone begins looking for where to grow next
/.neuron injury - Answer1. terminal degeneration
2. Wallerian degenration
3. myelin debris
4. macrophage infiltration
5. chromatolysis
