First Aid-USMLE STEP 1 High Yield Test
Reviewed Exam Questions and Verified
Answers
Abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly - ✔✔Budd-Chiari syndrome
(posthepatic venous thrombosis)
-Absence of JVD
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use -
✔✔Clostridium difficile infection
Achilles tendon xanthoma - ✔✔Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased
LDL receptor signaling)
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC - ✔✔Waterhouse-Friderichsen
syndrome (menengococcemia)
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion - ✔✔IgA deficiency
Anterior "drawer sign" ⊕ - ✔✔Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints -
✔✔Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Athlete with polycythemia - ✔✔2° to erythropoietin injection
Back pain, fever, night sweats - ✔✔Pott disease (vertebral TB)
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas - ✔✔Neurofibromatosis type 2
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - ✔✔Sarcoidosis (noncaseating
granulomas)
Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔Mucor or
Rhizopus fungal infection
Blue sclera, brittle bones - ✔✔Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen
defect)
Bluish line on gingiva - ✔✔Burton line (lead poisoning)
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis - ✔✔Paget disease of bone
(osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing - ✔✔Aortic
regurgitation
"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female -
✔✔Systemic lupus erythematosus
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous
neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas - ✔✔Neurofibromatosis
type I, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas
Café-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious
puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities - ✔✔McCune-Albright syndrome
(mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Calf pseudohypertrophy - ✔✔Muscular dystrophy (most commonly
Duchenne, due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin
gene)
Child with cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary
aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue - ✔✔Kawasaki disease (treat with
IVIG and aspirin)
"Cherry-red spots" on macula - ✔✔Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery
occlusion
Chest pain on exertion - ✔✔Angina (stable: with moderate exertion;
unstable: with minimal exertion or at rest)
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI -
✔✔Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous
pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode
Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG - ✔✔Unstable angina (troponins
−) or NSTEMI (troponins +)
Child uses arms to stand up from squat - ✔✔Gowers sign (Duchenne
muscular dystrophy)
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body -
✔✔"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration - ✔✔Huntington disease
(autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications - ✔✔Congenital
toxoplasmosis
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps,
myoglobinuria - ✔✔McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen
phosphorylase deficiency)
Cold intolerance - ✔✔Hypothyroidism
Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia - ✔✔Internuclear
ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)
4
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
Reviewed Exam Questions and Verified
Answers
Abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly - ✔✔Budd-Chiari syndrome
(posthepatic venous thrombosis)
-Absence of JVD
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use -
✔✔Clostridium difficile infection
Achilles tendon xanthoma - ✔✔Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased
LDL receptor signaling)
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC - ✔✔Waterhouse-Friderichsen
syndrome (menengococcemia)
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion - ✔✔IgA deficiency
Anterior "drawer sign" ⊕ - ✔✔Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints -
✔✔Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)
1
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Athlete with polycythemia - ✔✔2° to erythropoietin injection
Back pain, fever, night sweats - ✔✔Pott disease (vertebral TB)
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas - ✔✔Neurofibromatosis type 2
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - ✔✔Sarcoidosis (noncaseating
granulomas)
Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔Mucor or
Rhizopus fungal infection
Blue sclera, brittle bones - ✔✔Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen
defect)
Bluish line on gingiva - ✔✔Burton line (lead poisoning)
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis - ✔✔Paget disease of bone
(osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing - ✔✔Aortic
regurgitation
"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female -
✔✔Systemic lupus erythematosus
2
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
,Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous
neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas, optic gliomas - ✔✔Neurofibromatosis
type I, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas
Café-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious
puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities - ✔✔McCune-Albright syndrome
(mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Calf pseudohypertrophy - ✔✔Muscular dystrophy (most commonly
Duchenne, due to X-linked recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin
gene)
Child with cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary
aneurysms, red conjunctivae and tongue - ✔✔Kawasaki disease (treat with
IVIG and aspirin)
"Cherry-red spots" on macula - ✔✔Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation)
or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery
occlusion
Chest pain on exertion - ✔✔Angina (stable: with moderate exertion;
unstable: with minimal exertion or at rest)
3
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
, Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI -
✔✔Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous
pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode
Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG - ✔✔Unstable angina (troponins
−) or NSTEMI (troponins +)
Child uses arms to stand up from squat - ✔✔Gowers sign (Duchenne
muscular dystrophy)
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body -
✔✔"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration - ✔✔Huntington disease
(autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications - ✔✔Congenital
toxoplasmosis
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps,
myoglobinuria - ✔✔McArdle disease (skeletal muscle glycogen
phosphorylase deficiency)
Cold intolerance - ✔✔Hypothyroidism
Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia - ✔✔Internuclear
ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)
4
©JOSHCLAY 2024/2025. YEAR PUBLISHED 2024.
