Ornamental and Turf-grass Pest
Management 3OT |Questions And
Solutions
IPM stands for. - Integrated Pest Management
IPM provides. - complete management program that is the most effective solution to
pests such as insects, plant pathogens, weeds, and vertebrates.
pesticide definition - is any material used to kill, attract, repel, regulate, or interrupt
growth and mating pests or to regulate plant growth
Pesticides used for IPM - Fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides,
miticides, molluscicides, repellents, and rodenticides.
Contact pesticide must. - Must physically touch the pest organism or be sprayed on the
site the pest frequents to exert an action.
Contact fungicides are called. - Protective or preventive fungicides, this is because they
provide a protective barrier that prevents fungus from entering plant tissues.
Systemic pesticide - Enters the plant via roots or above ground plant tissues and is
moved inside the plant.
Systemic pesticides are sometimes called. - curative pesticide because the chemical
penetrates the plant and stops the disease after the infection has started or after the
first symptoms.
Non-selective pesticides - exert their action on a wide variety of pests
Selective pesticides - Will control only certain types or stages of pests while leaving
non-target organisms unaffected
Pre-emergence herbicides - are applied to prior to weed seed germination
Post-emergence Herbicides - are applied to weeds that are actively growing. They work
best in bright sunlight.
,Rotating pesticides strategy - Using different modes of action or different sites is a
workable management system that delays the onset of resistance.
Where to find the mode of action of site on the product? - By looking at the numeric
code (group number) at the top of the product label.
Non-Target plants - The plants that are not intended to be sprayed during a pesticide
application
Drift - spray, vapor, and particle of pesticides can move the product from the site of the
application to a non-target area.
Posting and Notification - -Notification signs must be posted at the start of an
application to a treatment site.
-For residential turf-grass applications, two signs must be posted.
-Any person who requests to be notified of an application must be notified
Pre and post application procedures (Preparing area) - Restrict the area from people
and pests throughout the re-entry interval as listed on the product label or until the spray
has dried.
Pre and post application procedures (Cleaning hard surfaces) - After the application
clean up any granules that have fallen on hard surfaces, blow or sweep the material
back into the turf-grass.
Pre and post application procedures (irrigation) - Certain pesticides must be watered in
following the treatment. If rain is not expected within two hours of application the
application will need watered in.
Water characteristics affecting spray efficacy - -PH levels in the water.
Alkaline hydrolysis - may occur when the water is alkaline (ph>7)
Timing of Pesticide Applications - Can be improved by making applications when the
pest is susceptible to an application based on its biology, exposure, or climatic
conditions
Age of insects - The younger the insect stage the more susceptible it is to chemical
control
, pesticide resistance - The ability of a pest species that was once effectively controlled
by pesticide is now no longer effective.
inherited trait - A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring.
Integrated pest management - applies to ornamental crops such as turf-grass,
herbaceous annuals and perennials, trees, and shrubs.
How to manage instar caterpillars. - First of second ones can be managed with a
biological spray, full grown larva are unaffected by the spray.
Weed application. - Generally herbicides are most effective when the weeds are
actively growing.
When to control annual weeds? - Easiest to control in the early spring while they are
still small.
When to control biennial weeds? - Should be treated in the fall or early spring when in
the rosette stage.
When to control Perennial weeds? (Dandelion, white clover) - Can be controlled with a
herbicide application made in the early bloom stage or in the fall.
Acid Hydrolysis - may occur when the water is at PH < 7.
How to check the water PH? - Use a PH Meter
PH: 3.5 - 6.0 action: - Spray mixture may be stored 12-24 hours
PH: 6.1 - 7.0 action: - Sprayed mixture should be used within 1-2 hours.
PH: > 7.0 action: - Add buffering or acidifying adjuvant
Acephate (Insecticide) Half Life - -pH 5 = 55 days
-pH 7 = 17 days
-pH 9 = 3 days
Acetamiprid (Insecticide) Half Life - Unstable below pH 4 or above pH 7
Avermectin (Insecticide) Half Life - Stable at pH 5-9
Bacillus thuringiensis (Insecticide) Half Life - Unstable above pH 8
Management 3OT |Questions And
Solutions
IPM stands for. - Integrated Pest Management
IPM provides. - complete management program that is the most effective solution to
pests such as insects, plant pathogens, weeds, and vertebrates.
pesticide definition - is any material used to kill, attract, repel, regulate, or interrupt
growth and mating pests or to regulate plant growth
Pesticides used for IPM - Fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, insecticides,
miticides, molluscicides, repellents, and rodenticides.
Contact pesticide must. - Must physically touch the pest organism or be sprayed on the
site the pest frequents to exert an action.
Contact fungicides are called. - Protective or preventive fungicides, this is because they
provide a protective barrier that prevents fungus from entering plant tissues.
Systemic pesticide - Enters the plant via roots or above ground plant tissues and is
moved inside the plant.
Systemic pesticides are sometimes called. - curative pesticide because the chemical
penetrates the plant and stops the disease after the infection has started or after the
first symptoms.
Non-selective pesticides - exert their action on a wide variety of pests
Selective pesticides - Will control only certain types or stages of pests while leaving
non-target organisms unaffected
Pre-emergence herbicides - are applied to prior to weed seed germination
Post-emergence Herbicides - are applied to weeds that are actively growing. They work
best in bright sunlight.
,Rotating pesticides strategy - Using different modes of action or different sites is a
workable management system that delays the onset of resistance.
Where to find the mode of action of site on the product? - By looking at the numeric
code (group number) at the top of the product label.
Non-Target plants - The plants that are not intended to be sprayed during a pesticide
application
Drift - spray, vapor, and particle of pesticides can move the product from the site of the
application to a non-target area.
Posting and Notification - -Notification signs must be posted at the start of an
application to a treatment site.
-For residential turf-grass applications, two signs must be posted.
-Any person who requests to be notified of an application must be notified
Pre and post application procedures (Preparing area) - Restrict the area from people
and pests throughout the re-entry interval as listed on the product label or until the spray
has dried.
Pre and post application procedures (Cleaning hard surfaces) - After the application
clean up any granules that have fallen on hard surfaces, blow or sweep the material
back into the turf-grass.
Pre and post application procedures (irrigation) - Certain pesticides must be watered in
following the treatment. If rain is not expected within two hours of application the
application will need watered in.
Water characteristics affecting spray efficacy - -PH levels in the water.
Alkaline hydrolysis - may occur when the water is alkaline (ph>7)
Timing of Pesticide Applications - Can be improved by making applications when the
pest is susceptible to an application based on its biology, exposure, or climatic
conditions
Age of insects - The younger the insect stage the more susceptible it is to chemical
control
, pesticide resistance - The ability of a pest species that was once effectively controlled
by pesticide is now no longer effective.
inherited trait - A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring.
Integrated pest management - applies to ornamental crops such as turf-grass,
herbaceous annuals and perennials, trees, and shrubs.
How to manage instar caterpillars. - First of second ones can be managed with a
biological spray, full grown larva are unaffected by the spray.
Weed application. - Generally herbicides are most effective when the weeds are
actively growing.
When to control annual weeds? - Easiest to control in the early spring while they are
still small.
When to control biennial weeds? - Should be treated in the fall or early spring when in
the rosette stage.
When to control Perennial weeds? (Dandelion, white clover) - Can be controlled with a
herbicide application made in the early bloom stage or in the fall.
Acid Hydrolysis - may occur when the water is at PH < 7.
How to check the water PH? - Use a PH Meter
PH: 3.5 - 6.0 action: - Spray mixture may be stored 12-24 hours
PH: 6.1 - 7.0 action: - Sprayed mixture should be used within 1-2 hours.
PH: > 7.0 action: - Add buffering or acidifying adjuvant
Acephate (Insecticide) Half Life - -pH 5 = 55 days
-pH 7 = 17 days
-pH 9 = 3 days
Acetamiprid (Insecticide) Half Life - Unstable below pH 4 or above pH 7
Avermectin (Insecticide) Half Life - Stable at pH 5-9
Bacillus thuringiensis (Insecticide) Half Life - Unstable above pH 8
