Orthopedic Nursing Exam
Goal of Reduction - ✔️✔️- fix fracture
- approximate segments
- restore normal position
Closed Reduction - ✔️✔️- manual manipulation of skin
Open Reduction - ✔️✔️- surgical manipulation of bone
Immobilization - ✔️✔️- goal : fixation/alignment of segments
Methods of Immobilization - ✔️✔️- Internal fixation
- External fixation
Internal Fixation - ✔️✔️- pins, plates, rods, hardware
- advantages = fast ambulation
- disadvantages = surgery is required
Factors in Bone Healing - ✔️✔️- calcium
- vitamin D
- Alkaline Phosphate
- Decreased circulation
- No osteoporosis
- no infection
Diagnostic Radiology - ✔️✔️- Xray
- MRI
- Bone Scan
- Myelogram
Myelogram - ✔️✔️- check for allergies (Shell fish)
- dye used
CSF - ✔️✔️- clear
- appears on a dressing as a green halo
Dislocation - ✔️✔️- loss of articulation of the bone ends in the joint caps
Subluxation - ✔️✔️- partial dislocation where bone ends still partially touch
Nursing Care - Joint Trauma - ✔️✔️- Risk for Injury
, - Acute Pain
- Impaired Physical Mobility
Ice / Heat - ✔️✔️- 20 minutes on, 20 minutes off
Bursitis - ✔️✔️- inflammation of bursa
Epicondylitis - ✔️✔️- Tennis Elbow
- inflammation of tendon at point of origin to bone
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - ✔️✔️- compression of median nerve and inflammation of
the lining of the synovial sheath
- less room compresses nerves and causes pain
Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ✔️✔️- Conservative
- Surgery
Conservative Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ✔️✔️- immobilize and rest
- ice for 20-48 hours and then heat
- medicate ( NSAIDS/Corticosteroids)
5 Steps in Bone Healing - ✔️✔️1. Hematoma
2. Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
3. Bony Callus Formation
4. Remodeling
Hematoma - ✔️✔️-inflammatory process
-cell migration to area
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation - ✔️✔️-starts within 48 hours
-granulation replaces hematoma
-osteoblasts build a web of collagen fibers (3 weeks)
Bony Callus Formation - ✔️✔️-starts in 3-4 weeks
-new bone
-osteoclasts invade: reabsorbs excess callus as it is replaced by mature bone
Remodeling - ✔️✔️-2-4 months
-plates/bars are laid down
-repaired along lines of stress
Surgical Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ✔️✔️- bursitis & epicondylitis : remove
calcified deposits
- Carpal Tunnel : resect carpal ligament to enlarge tunnel (make opening bigger)
Goal of Reduction - ✔️✔️- fix fracture
- approximate segments
- restore normal position
Closed Reduction - ✔️✔️- manual manipulation of skin
Open Reduction - ✔️✔️- surgical manipulation of bone
Immobilization - ✔️✔️- goal : fixation/alignment of segments
Methods of Immobilization - ✔️✔️- Internal fixation
- External fixation
Internal Fixation - ✔️✔️- pins, plates, rods, hardware
- advantages = fast ambulation
- disadvantages = surgery is required
Factors in Bone Healing - ✔️✔️- calcium
- vitamin D
- Alkaline Phosphate
- Decreased circulation
- No osteoporosis
- no infection
Diagnostic Radiology - ✔️✔️- Xray
- MRI
- Bone Scan
- Myelogram
Myelogram - ✔️✔️- check for allergies (Shell fish)
- dye used
CSF - ✔️✔️- clear
- appears on a dressing as a green halo
Dislocation - ✔️✔️- loss of articulation of the bone ends in the joint caps
Subluxation - ✔️✔️- partial dislocation where bone ends still partially touch
Nursing Care - Joint Trauma - ✔️✔️- Risk for Injury
, - Acute Pain
- Impaired Physical Mobility
Ice / Heat - ✔️✔️- 20 minutes on, 20 minutes off
Bursitis - ✔️✔️- inflammation of bursa
Epicondylitis - ✔️✔️- Tennis Elbow
- inflammation of tendon at point of origin to bone
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - ✔️✔️- compression of median nerve and inflammation of
the lining of the synovial sheath
- less room compresses nerves and causes pain
Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ✔️✔️- Conservative
- Surgery
Conservative Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ✔️✔️- immobilize and rest
- ice for 20-48 hours and then heat
- medicate ( NSAIDS/Corticosteroids)
5 Steps in Bone Healing - ✔️✔️1. Hematoma
2. Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation
3. Bony Callus Formation
4. Remodeling
Hematoma - ✔️✔️-inflammatory process
-cell migration to area
Fibrocartilaginous Callus Formation - ✔️✔️-starts within 48 hours
-granulation replaces hematoma
-osteoblasts build a web of collagen fibers (3 weeks)
Bony Callus Formation - ✔️✔️-starts in 3-4 weeks
-new bone
-osteoclasts invade: reabsorbs excess callus as it is replaced by mature bone
Remodeling - ✔️✔️-2-4 months
-plates/bars are laid down
-repaired along lines of stress
Surgical Treatment for Repetitive Injuries - ✔️✔️- bursitis & epicondylitis : remove
calcified deposits
- Carpal Tunnel : resect carpal ligament to enlarge tunnel (make opening bigger)
