Biomedical Engineering Exam 1 || with 100% Errorless
Solutions.
What is biomedical engineering? correct answers The application of principles of engineering,
math & physical science to problems in biology and medicine
Problems in BME? (2) correct answers - modeling of normal or abnormal physiology
- research and design of instrumentation and machines for medical diagnosis or therapy
BME branches (5) correct answers - biomaterials
- biomechanics
- biomedical imaging
- biosensors and instrumentation
- tissue engineering
Biomaterials correct answers Development of devices which are used to enhance life processes
(ex: biological/artificial heart)
Biomechanics correct answers The use of engineering or physics principles to understand the
performance of an organism
Biomedical imaging correct answers The development and improvement of imaging devices (ex:
x-rays, MRIs, CAT scans, ultrasound
Biosensors and instrumentation correct answers The development of sensors and data collection
systems to monitor and provide feedback on human body processes (ex: contact lenses
monitoring blood glucose levels for diabetes)
Tissue engineering correct answers development of mechanisms to regrow tissues, mostly
through provision of environments in which tissues may grow (ex: through use of stem cells, 3D
printing)
What was the first prosthetic to be used, where/when was it found and when is it from? correct
answers Around 1,000 B.C. in Thebes Egypt - in 2002 German archaeologists uncovered 3000 yr
old mummy with a wooden prosthetic tied to foot to serve as big toe
(thought more for aesthetic reasons rather than functional, but found wear marks on bottom
showing use)
What was the first documented biomedical instrument, who developed it, when and why? correct
answers The stethoscope developed by Rene Laennec in 1816 because he didn't want to place his
ear onto a young women's bare chest so he used a rolled up newspaper --> inspired his invention
Who developed electrophysiology, when and what did they do? correct answers in 1848
Hermann von Helmholtz applied eng. principles to a problem in physiology and determined
, resistance of muscle and nervous tissue to direct current (before development of lightbulb) - later
led to EMG
When and who were X-rays invented by? How? correct answers In 1895 Wilhelm Roentgen
discovered cathode-ray tube could make a paper coated in barium platinocyanide glow,
determined they were emitting penetrating rays - called x rays for unknown - led to research into
the x-rays and development for medical imaging
When and where was the first BME university program offered? correct answers 1921 - first
university BME program - Oswalt institute for physics in medicine establish in Frankfurt,
Germany
Where and when was the first PhD BME program offered? correct answers 1940- first PhD
program - Oswalt institute and university of Frankfurt established a PhD program in biophysics
(germany to europe to us)
Where and when was the first biophysical society formed? correct answers 1943- first
biophysical society was formed in Germany following WW2 (engineering, medicine and bio
combined into committees)
Where, when and under who was the first conference of engineering in medicine and bio held?
correct answers 1948 first conference of engineering in medicine and bio in the US under the
Institute of Radio Engineers, american institute for EE and instrument society of america
- around 20 papers presented and around 100 people attended
When was the professional group on medical electronics formed? correct answers 1951
When was the institute of electrical and electronics engineering formed and what group did it
arise from? correct answers 1963 - developed out of the professional group on medical
electronics to the IEEE
When and why was the biomedical engineering society formed? correct answers 1968 - to give
equal status to representatives of both biomedical and engineering interests and promote the
increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization
When and why was the Whitaker foundation created? correct answers 1975 - Whitaker thought
merging of medicine and engineering would improve human health - principle focus = BME -
largest benefactor
What foundation has contributed over $615 million to universities and medical schools
especially for BME? correct answers Whitaker Foundation
Name the 3 earliest BME academic programs in the 1950's correct answers -John Hopkins
University
- University of Pennsylvania
-University of Rochester
Solutions.
What is biomedical engineering? correct answers The application of principles of engineering,
math & physical science to problems in biology and medicine
Problems in BME? (2) correct answers - modeling of normal or abnormal physiology
- research and design of instrumentation and machines for medical diagnosis or therapy
BME branches (5) correct answers - biomaterials
- biomechanics
- biomedical imaging
- biosensors and instrumentation
- tissue engineering
Biomaterials correct answers Development of devices which are used to enhance life processes
(ex: biological/artificial heart)
Biomechanics correct answers The use of engineering or physics principles to understand the
performance of an organism
Biomedical imaging correct answers The development and improvement of imaging devices (ex:
x-rays, MRIs, CAT scans, ultrasound
Biosensors and instrumentation correct answers The development of sensors and data collection
systems to monitor and provide feedback on human body processes (ex: contact lenses
monitoring blood glucose levels for diabetes)
Tissue engineering correct answers development of mechanisms to regrow tissues, mostly
through provision of environments in which tissues may grow (ex: through use of stem cells, 3D
printing)
What was the first prosthetic to be used, where/when was it found and when is it from? correct
answers Around 1,000 B.C. in Thebes Egypt - in 2002 German archaeologists uncovered 3000 yr
old mummy with a wooden prosthetic tied to foot to serve as big toe
(thought more for aesthetic reasons rather than functional, but found wear marks on bottom
showing use)
What was the first documented biomedical instrument, who developed it, when and why? correct
answers The stethoscope developed by Rene Laennec in 1816 because he didn't want to place his
ear onto a young women's bare chest so he used a rolled up newspaper --> inspired his invention
Who developed electrophysiology, when and what did they do? correct answers in 1848
Hermann von Helmholtz applied eng. principles to a problem in physiology and determined
, resistance of muscle and nervous tissue to direct current (before development of lightbulb) - later
led to EMG
When and who were X-rays invented by? How? correct answers In 1895 Wilhelm Roentgen
discovered cathode-ray tube could make a paper coated in barium platinocyanide glow,
determined they were emitting penetrating rays - called x rays for unknown - led to research into
the x-rays and development for medical imaging
When and where was the first BME university program offered? correct answers 1921 - first
university BME program - Oswalt institute for physics in medicine establish in Frankfurt,
Germany
Where and when was the first PhD BME program offered? correct answers 1940- first PhD
program - Oswalt institute and university of Frankfurt established a PhD program in biophysics
(germany to europe to us)
Where and when was the first biophysical society formed? correct answers 1943- first
biophysical society was formed in Germany following WW2 (engineering, medicine and bio
combined into committees)
Where, when and under who was the first conference of engineering in medicine and bio held?
correct answers 1948 first conference of engineering in medicine and bio in the US under the
Institute of Radio Engineers, american institute for EE and instrument society of america
- around 20 papers presented and around 100 people attended
When was the professional group on medical electronics formed? correct answers 1951
When was the institute of electrical and electronics engineering formed and what group did it
arise from? correct answers 1963 - developed out of the professional group on medical
electronics to the IEEE
When and why was the biomedical engineering society formed? correct answers 1968 - to give
equal status to representatives of both biomedical and engineering interests and promote the
increase of biomedical engineering knowledge and its utilization
When and why was the Whitaker foundation created? correct answers 1975 - Whitaker thought
merging of medicine and engineering would improve human health - principle focus = BME -
largest benefactor
What foundation has contributed over $615 million to universities and medical schools
especially for BME? correct answers Whitaker Foundation
Name the 3 earliest BME academic programs in the 1950's correct answers -John Hopkins
University
- University of Pennsylvania
-University of Rochester
