HESI EVOLVE FUNDAMENTALS FINAL EXAM
2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
EXPLANATIONS GRADED A+ (SOLVED)
The nurse is teaching an obese client, newly diagnosed with arteriosclerosis, about
reducing the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Which health promotion brochure is
most important for the nurse to provide to this client?
A. "Monitoring Your Blood Pressure at Home"
B. "Smoking Cessation as a Lifelong Commitment"
C. "Decreasing Cholesterol Levels Through Diet"
D. "Stress Management for a Healthier You"
Answer: C
A health promotion brochure about decreasing cholesterol (C) is most important to
provide this client, because the most significant risk factor contributing to
development of arteriosclerosis is excess dietary fat, particularly saturated fat and
cholesterol. (A) does not address the underlying causes of arteriosclerosis. (B and
D) are also important factors for reversing arteriosclerosis but are not as important
as lowering cholesterol (C).
,Ten minutes after signing an operative permit for a fractured hip, an older client
states, "The aliens will be coming to get me soon!" and falls asleep. Which action
should the nurse implement next?
A. Make the client comfortable and allow the client to sleep.
B. Assess the client's neurologic status.
C. Notify the surgeon about the comment.
D. Ask the client's family to co-sign the operative permit.
Answer: B
This statement may indicate that the client is confused. Informed consent must be
provided by a mentally competent individual, so the nurse should further assess the
client's neurologic status (B) to be sure that the client understands and can legally
provide consent for surgery. (A) does not provide sufficient follow-up. If the nurse
determines that the client is confused, the surgeon must be notified (C) and
permission obtained from the next of kin (D).
Urinary catheterization is prescribed for a postoperative female client who has
been unable to void for 8 hours. The nurse inserts the catheter, but no urine is seen
in the tubing. Which action will the nurse take next?
A. Clamp the catheter and recheck it in 60 minutes.
B. Pull the catheter back 3 inches and redirect upward.
C. Leave the catheter in place and reattempt with another catheter.
D. Notify the health care provider of a possible obstruction.
Answer: C
It is likely that the first catheter is in the vagina, rather than the bladder. Leaving
the first catheter in place will help locate the meatus when attempting the second
catheterization (C). The client should have at least 240 mL of urine after 8 hours.
,(A) does not resolve the problem. (B) will not change the location of the catheter
unless it is completely removed, in which case a new catheter must be used. There
is no evidence of a urinary tract obstruction if the catheter could be easily inserted
(D).
The nurse-manager of a skilled nursing (chronic care) unit is instructing UAPs on
ways to prevent complications of immobility. Which intervention should be
included in this instruction?
A. Perform range-of-motion exercises to prevent contractures.
B. Decrease the client's fluid intake to prevent diarrhea.
C. Massage the client's legs to reduce embolism occurrence.
D. Turn the client from side to back every shift.
Answer: A
Performing range-of-motion exercises (A) is beneficial in reducing contractures
around joints. (B, C, and D) are all potentially harmful practices that place the
immobile client at risk of complications.
The nurse is assisting a client to the bathroom. When the client is 5 feet from the
bathroom door, he states, "I feel faint." Before the nurse can get the client to a
chair, the client starts to fall. Which is the priority action for the nurse to take?
A. Check the client's carotid pulse.
B. Encourage the client to get to the toilet.
, C. In a loud voice, call for help.
D. Gently lower the client to the floor.
Answer: D
(D) is the most prudent intervention and is the priority nursing action to prevent
injury to the client and the nurse. Lowering the client to the floor should be done
when the client cannot support his own weight. The client should be placed in a
bed or chair only when sufficient help is available to prevent injury. (A) is
important but should be done after the client is in a safe position. Because the
client is not supporting himself, (B) is impractical. (C) is likely to cause chaos on
the unit and might alarm the other clients.
A female nurse is assigned to care for a close friend, who says, "I am worried that
friends will find out about my diagnosis." The nurse tells her friend that legally she
must protect a client's confidentiality. Which resource describes the nurse's legal
responsibilities?
A. Code of Ethics for Nurses
B. State Nurse Practice Act
C. Patient's Bill of Rights
D. ANA Standards of Practice
Answer: B
The State Nurse Practice Act (B) contains legal requirements for the protection of
client confidentiality and the consequences for breaches in confidentiality. (A)
outlines ethical standards for nursing care but does not include legal guidelines. (C
and D) describe expectations for nursing practice but do not address legal
implications.
2024 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
EXPLANATIONS GRADED A+ (SOLVED)
The nurse is teaching an obese client, newly diagnosed with arteriosclerosis, about
reducing the risk of a heart attack or stroke. Which health promotion brochure is
most important for the nurse to provide to this client?
A. "Monitoring Your Blood Pressure at Home"
B. "Smoking Cessation as a Lifelong Commitment"
C. "Decreasing Cholesterol Levels Through Diet"
D. "Stress Management for a Healthier You"
Answer: C
A health promotion brochure about decreasing cholesterol (C) is most important to
provide this client, because the most significant risk factor contributing to
development of arteriosclerosis is excess dietary fat, particularly saturated fat and
cholesterol. (A) does not address the underlying causes of arteriosclerosis. (B and
D) are also important factors for reversing arteriosclerosis but are not as important
as lowering cholesterol (C).
,Ten minutes after signing an operative permit for a fractured hip, an older client
states, "The aliens will be coming to get me soon!" and falls asleep. Which action
should the nurse implement next?
A. Make the client comfortable and allow the client to sleep.
B. Assess the client's neurologic status.
C. Notify the surgeon about the comment.
D. Ask the client's family to co-sign the operative permit.
Answer: B
This statement may indicate that the client is confused. Informed consent must be
provided by a mentally competent individual, so the nurse should further assess the
client's neurologic status (B) to be sure that the client understands and can legally
provide consent for surgery. (A) does not provide sufficient follow-up. If the nurse
determines that the client is confused, the surgeon must be notified (C) and
permission obtained from the next of kin (D).
Urinary catheterization is prescribed for a postoperative female client who has
been unable to void for 8 hours. The nurse inserts the catheter, but no urine is seen
in the tubing. Which action will the nurse take next?
A. Clamp the catheter and recheck it in 60 minutes.
B. Pull the catheter back 3 inches and redirect upward.
C. Leave the catheter in place and reattempt with another catheter.
D. Notify the health care provider of a possible obstruction.
Answer: C
It is likely that the first catheter is in the vagina, rather than the bladder. Leaving
the first catheter in place will help locate the meatus when attempting the second
catheterization (C). The client should have at least 240 mL of urine after 8 hours.
,(A) does not resolve the problem. (B) will not change the location of the catheter
unless it is completely removed, in which case a new catheter must be used. There
is no evidence of a urinary tract obstruction if the catheter could be easily inserted
(D).
The nurse-manager of a skilled nursing (chronic care) unit is instructing UAPs on
ways to prevent complications of immobility. Which intervention should be
included in this instruction?
A. Perform range-of-motion exercises to prevent contractures.
B. Decrease the client's fluid intake to prevent diarrhea.
C. Massage the client's legs to reduce embolism occurrence.
D. Turn the client from side to back every shift.
Answer: A
Performing range-of-motion exercises (A) is beneficial in reducing contractures
around joints. (B, C, and D) are all potentially harmful practices that place the
immobile client at risk of complications.
The nurse is assisting a client to the bathroom. When the client is 5 feet from the
bathroom door, he states, "I feel faint." Before the nurse can get the client to a
chair, the client starts to fall. Which is the priority action for the nurse to take?
A. Check the client's carotid pulse.
B. Encourage the client to get to the toilet.
, C. In a loud voice, call for help.
D. Gently lower the client to the floor.
Answer: D
(D) is the most prudent intervention and is the priority nursing action to prevent
injury to the client and the nurse. Lowering the client to the floor should be done
when the client cannot support his own weight. The client should be placed in a
bed or chair only when sufficient help is available to prevent injury. (A) is
important but should be done after the client is in a safe position. Because the
client is not supporting himself, (B) is impractical. (C) is likely to cause chaos on
the unit and might alarm the other clients.
A female nurse is assigned to care for a close friend, who says, "I am worried that
friends will find out about my diagnosis." The nurse tells her friend that legally she
must protect a client's confidentiality. Which resource describes the nurse's legal
responsibilities?
A. Code of Ethics for Nurses
B. State Nurse Practice Act
C. Patient's Bill of Rights
D. ANA Standards of Practice
Answer: B
The State Nurse Practice Act (B) contains legal requirements for the protection of
client confidentiality and the consequences for breaches in confidentiality. (A)
outlines ethical standards for nursing care but does not include legal guidelines. (C
and D) describe expectations for nursing practice but do not address legal
implications.
