PHIL 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

PHIL 101 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE

TheaoMind-BodyaoProblemao-aoans--
Aaoproblemaothataodealsaowithaohowaoouraomentalaostateaorelatesaotoaoouraophysicalaostat
e,aogivenaothataoouraobodyaoisaoaaophysicalaoentity,aowhileaoouraomindaoisaonon-physical.
Philosopher:aoDescartes

SubstanceaoDualismao-aoans--
Substanceaoisaoaaobeareraoofaoproperties,aoeitheraophysicalaooraomental.aoMindaoandaobo
dyaocanaointeract.
-aoPhilosopher:aoDescartes

MerricksaoonaotheaoResurrectionao-aoans--
Merricksaobelieveaothataoweaostopaoexistingaoforaoaaowhile,aountilaotheao2ndaocomingaoofao
Jesus.aoWhenaoweaodie,aoweaowillaobeaoinaoaaostateaoofaorestaoandaowaiting.

GilbertaoRyle'saoCritiqueaoofaoDescartesao-aoans---
aoLookingaoforaotheaoinvisibleaoinaophysicalismaoakaaosoulaoinaotheaobody
-aoBehaviorism:aoouraobehaviorsaowillaoshowaoouraominds
-aoVerification:aoweaocan'taobelieveaoanythingaowithoutaorealaoandaosubstantialaoevidence.

DescartesaoonaoMind-BodyaoProblemao-aoans--
Descartesaobelieveaothataomindaoandaobodyaoareaotwoaoseparateaothingsaocalledaodualis
m.aoHeaobelievesaothataooneaocanaoexistaowithoutaotheaoother.

DevelopmentaoofaoPhysicalismao-aoans--Rejectsaobothaomental/
immaterialaosubstancesao&aomentalaoproperties.

ConsciousnessaoandaoQualiaao-aoans--
Qualia:aothingsaothataoproveaophysicalismaofalse.aoSomethingaoyouaocannotaograspaowith
outaoexperiencingaoit,aolikeaocolors,aoaaoheadache,aotheaotasteaoofaograpeaojuice.
-
Arguesaothataoevenaoifaoyouaoknowaoaboutaotheseaothings,aoyouaocan'taoknowaothemaofull
yaountilaoafteraoyouaoexperienceaothem.
Consciousness:aoTheaostateaoofaobeingaoawareaoofaoanaoexternalaoobjectaooraosomething
aowithinaoyourself.aoDescartesaoandaoLockeaohaveaospokenaoonaothis.


Non-reductiveaoPhysicalismao-aoans--
weaoareaojustaoaaophysicalaothing,aoandaoyetaoweaohaveaoexperiencesaothataocan'taobeaore

, ducedaotoaojustaophysicalaosubstances.aoNoaoimmaterialaopropertiesaoinaoyouraobody.ao(J
acksonaoonaoMary'saoRoom)

DavidaoLewisaoonaoMary'saoRoomao-aoans--Lewisaoisaoaaophysicalist.ao
Seeingaocoloraoisaoaaoskill,aonotaoaaolearnedaoexperience.ao
-
aocritique:aobutaoMary'saoexperienceaoofaoseeingaoredaoisaonew.aoTherefore,aophysicalism
aofailsaobecauseaosheaodidn'taounderstandaocoloraountilaosheaoexperiencedaoseeingaocolor
aoforaotheaofirstaotime,aoandaosheaoalreadyaolearnedaoallaotheaofactsaoaboutaocolor


Locke'saoMemoryaoTheoryao-aoans--
Asaolongaoasaoyouaohaveaocontinuousaoconsciousness,aothenaoyouaoareaotheaosameaoper
son

Hume'saoPersonalaoIdentityao-aoans--
Inaoshort,aobecauseaotheao"self"aomustaobeaoaaoconstant,aopersisting,aostableaothing,aoand
aoyetaoallaoknowledgeaoisaoderivedaofromaoimpressions,aowhichaoareaotransient,aonon-
persisting,aovariableaothings,aoitaofollowsaothataoweaodoaonotaoreallyaohaveaoknowledgeaoo
faoaao"self"

Phenomenologyao-aoans--
Theaostudyaoofaoconsciousnessaoasaoexperienceaofromaotheaofirst-
personaopointaoofaoview.

Jackson'saoKnowledgeaoArgumentaoforaoQualiaao-aoans--
Thereaoareaosomeaoknowledgeaothataocannotaobeaoattainedaojustaobyaolearning.aoYouaoha
veaotoaoexperienceaoitaotoaounderstandaoit,aojustaolikeaoexperiencingaocolorao/
aoaaoheadacheao/aotastingaowine.aoProvesaothataophysicalismaofails.


Nagel'sao"what'saoitaolikeaotoaobeaoaaobat"ao-aoans--
heaoholdsaothataophysicalismaocannotaobeaounderstoodaowithoutaocharacterizingaoobjectiv
eaoandaosubjectiveaoexperience.
-
aoAgainstaophysicalismaobecauseaoweaocanaoknowaoallaotheaofactsaoaboutaowhataomakesa
oaaobat,aoaaobat.aoButaoweaostillaodon'taoreallyaoknowaobecauseaoweaodon'taohaveaoanyaoe
xperienceaobeingaoaaobat.

PersonalaoIdentityao-aoans--
Theaoconceptaoyouaodevelopaoaboutaoyourselfaothataoevolvesaooveraotheaocourseaoofaoyo
uraolife.

TheaoPersistenceaoQuestionao-aoans--
Whataokindsaoofaochangesaocanaoyouaoundergoaoandaostillaobeaotheaosameaoperson?

TheaoPersonhoodaoQuestionao-aoans--
Whataoareaotheaonecessaryao&aosufficientaoconditionsaoforaobeingaoaaoperson?