PHIL 101 EXAM 1 LUPHER JMU
metaphysicsao-aoans--
Partaoofaophilosophyaothataoattemptsaotoaodescribeaoinaoveryaogeneralaotermsaowhataother
eaois
trueaobelief...ao-aoans--notaotheaosameaothingaoasaoknowledge
philosophicalaoskepticismao-aoans--
Theaoviewaothataoweaoknowaomuchaolessaothanaoweaothinkaoweaodoaooraonothingaoataoall.
whataoisaotheaorelationshipaobetweenaomindaoandaobodyao-aoans--
possiblyaoidenticalao(supermanaoclarkaoKent)
dualismao-aoans--mindaoandaobodyaoareaoseparate
subjectiveaorealmao-aoans--
oneaohumanaomindaodisagreeingaowithaoanother,aoclashesaoofaoopinion
objectiveaorealmao-aoans--
canaobeaoobserved,aomeasured,aoandaoverified,aofactsaoexistaoindependently
EthicalaoSubjectivismao-aoans--
moralaojudgementsaoareaomerelyaotrueaoforaotheaopersonsaomakingaothem,aoPhilosophical
aothesisaothataothereaoareaonoaoethicalaofacts,aoonlyaoethicalaoopinions
ScientificaoOpinionao-aoans--scienceaoandaosubjectiveaorealm
scientificaofactsao-aoans--scienceaoandaoobjectiveaorealm
ethicalaoopinionsao-aoans--ethicsaoandaosubjectiveaorealm
ethicalaofactsao-aoans--ethicsaoandaoobjectiveaorealm
Utilitarianismao-aoans--
Theaoactionaoyouaoshouldaoperformaoinaoaaogivenaosituationaoisaotheaooneaotheaowillaoprod
uceaotheaogreatestaohappinessaoforaotheaogreatestaonumberaoofaoindividuals
fouraocentralaophilosophicalaoproblemsao-aoans--God,aoknowledge,aomind,aoandaoethics
, fundamentalaoquestionsaoofaojustificationao-aoans--
Thingsaoweaobelieveaowithoutaohesitationaooraoreflectionao
Someaomayaobelieveaoitaoasaocommonaosense
commonaosenseao-aoans--
ouraosensesaoprovideaoeachaoofaousaowithaoknowledgeaoofaotheaoworldaoweaoinhabit
solipsismao-aoans--theaoideaaothataotheaomindaoisaotheaoonlyaothingaothataoexists
isaacaonewtonao-aoans--
Definedaotheaolawsaoofaomotionaoandaogravity.aoTriedaotoaoexplainaomotionaoofaotheaouniv
erse,aonaturalaophilosophy,aowhataoweaothinkaoweaoknowaoofaoscience
WilliamaoWhewellao-aoans--
Coinedaotheaotermao"Uniformitarianism",aoinventedaotheaotermaoscientist,aoPeopleaouseda
otoaothinkaophilosophyaoandaoscienceaowentaohandaoinaohandaobutaonowaoit'saosaidaotoaob
eaomoreaoassociatedaowithaopsychology
philosophyaois...ao-aoans--alwaysaochanging,aocanaoneveraofullyaobeaodescribed
mysticalaoguruaomodelao-aoans--
whataophilosophyaoisaonot,aoMakingaodeepaoandaomysteriousaopronouncementsaooffaothea
otopaoofaoyouraoheadaothataosoundaoveryaoimportantaobutaothataoareaohardaotoaomakeaose
nseaoofaowhenaoyouaotryaotoaothinkaoaboutaothemaoclearly
philosophyaoaddresses...ao-aoans--
theaomostaofundamentalaobeliefsaothataoweaohaveaoaboutaoourselvesaoandaotheaoworldaow
eaoinhabit
Helpaousaoidentifyaoassumptionsaoandaoevaluateaothem
Constructingaoandaoevaluatingaoarguments
twoaopartsaoofaoanaoargumentao-aoans--premisesaoandaoconclusion
premiseaoandaoconclusionaoare...ao-aoans--
statementsaoeachaoexpressedaobyaoaaodeclarativeaosentenceaobeingaoeitheraotrueaooraofal
se
premiseao-aoans--reasonsaousedaotoaobackaoupaoanaoargument,aoassumptions
conclusionao-aoans--statementaotoaoestablishaoanaoargument
goodaoargumentaoincludesao-aoans--
rationallyaopersuasive,aotrueaopremises,aopremisesaorelatedaotoaoconclusion
metaphysicsao-aoans--
Partaoofaophilosophyaothataoattemptsaotoaodescribeaoinaoveryaogeneralaotermsaowhataother
eaois
trueaobelief...ao-aoans--notaotheaosameaothingaoasaoknowledge
philosophicalaoskepticismao-aoans--
Theaoviewaothataoweaoknowaomuchaolessaothanaoweaothinkaoweaodoaooraonothingaoataoall.
whataoisaotheaorelationshipaobetweenaomindaoandaobodyao-aoans--
possiblyaoidenticalao(supermanaoclarkaoKent)
dualismao-aoans--mindaoandaobodyaoareaoseparate
subjectiveaorealmao-aoans--
oneaohumanaomindaodisagreeingaowithaoanother,aoclashesaoofaoopinion
objectiveaorealmao-aoans--
canaobeaoobserved,aomeasured,aoandaoverified,aofactsaoexistaoindependently
EthicalaoSubjectivismao-aoans--
moralaojudgementsaoareaomerelyaotrueaoforaotheaopersonsaomakingaothem,aoPhilosophical
aothesisaothataothereaoareaonoaoethicalaofacts,aoonlyaoethicalaoopinions
ScientificaoOpinionao-aoans--scienceaoandaosubjectiveaorealm
scientificaofactsao-aoans--scienceaoandaoobjectiveaorealm
ethicalaoopinionsao-aoans--ethicsaoandaosubjectiveaorealm
ethicalaofactsao-aoans--ethicsaoandaoobjectiveaorealm
Utilitarianismao-aoans--
Theaoactionaoyouaoshouldaoperformaoinaoaaogivenaosituationaoisaotheaooneaotheaowillaoprod
uceaotheaogreatestaohappinessaoforaotheaogreatestaonumberaoofaoindividuals
fouraocentralaophilosophicalaoproblemsao-aoans--God,aoknowledge,aomind,aoandaoethics
, fundamentalaoquestionsaoofaojustificationao-aoans--
Thingsaoweaobelieveaowithoutaohesitationaooraoreflectionao
Someaomayaobelieveaoitaoasaocommonaosense
commonaosenseao-aoans--
ouraosensesaoprovideaoeachaoofaousaowithaoknowledgeaoofaotheaoworldaoweaoinhabit
solipsismao-aoans--theaoideaaothataotheaomindaoisaotheaoonlyaothingaothataoexists
isaacaonewtonao-aoans--
Definedaotheaolawsaoofaomotionaoandaogravity.aoTriedaotoaoexplainaomotionaoofaotheaouniv
erse,aonaturalaophilosophy,aowhataoweaothinkaoweaoknowaoofaoscience
WilliamaoWhewellao-aoans--
Coinedaotheaotermao"Uniformitarianism",aoinventedaotheaotermaoscientist,aoPeopleaouseda
otoaothinkaophilosophyaoandaoscienceaowentaohandaoinaohandaobutaonowaoit'saosaidaotoaob
eaomoreaoassociatedaowithaopsychology
philosophyaois...ao-aoans--alwaysaochanging,aocanaoneveraofullyaobeaodescribed
mysticalaoguruaomodelao-aoans--
whataophilosophyaoisaonot,aoMakingaodeepaoandaomysteriousaopronouncementsaooffaothea
otopaoofaoyouraoheadaothataosoundaoveryaoimportantaobutaothataoareaohardaotoaomakeaose
nseaoofaowhenaoyouaotryaotoaothinkaoaboutaothemaoclearly
philosophyaoaddresses...ao-aoans--
theaomostaofundamentalaobeliefsaothataoweaohaveaoaboutaoourselvesaoandaotheaoworldaow
eaoinhabit
Helpaousaoidentifyaoassumptionsaoandaoevaluateaothem
Constructingaoandaoevaluatingaoarguments
twoaopartsaoofaoanaoargumentao-aoans--premisesaoandaoconclusion
premiseaoandaoconclusionaoare...ao-aoans--
statementsaoeachaoexpressedaobyaoaaodeclarativeaosentenceaobeingaoeitheraotrueaooraofal
se
premiseao-aoans--reasonsaousedaotoaobackaoupaoanaoargument,aoassumptions
conclusionao-aoans--statementaotoaoestablishaoanaoargument
goodaoargumentaoincludesao-aoans--
rationallyaopersuasive,aotrueaopremises,aopremisesaorelatedaotoaoconclusion