Urinalysis and body fluids
which type of casts signals the presence of chronic renal failure? ✔️✔️waxy casts
urinalysis of a sample from a patient suspected of having a transfusion reaction reveals small
yellow-brown crystals in the micro examination. dry reagent strip tests are normal with the
exception of a pos blood reaction (moderate) and trace pos protein. the pH of the urine is 6.5.
what test should be performed to pos identify the crystals? ✔️✔️prussian blue stain
when examining urinary sediment, which of the following is considered an abnormal finding?
✔️✔️0-1 renal cell casts per LPF
a urine sample with a pH of 6 produces an abundance of pink sediment after centrifugation that
appears as densely packed yellow to reddish brown granules under the microscope. the crystals
are so dense that no other formed elements can be evaluated. what is the best course of action?
✔️✔️suspend the sediment in prewarmed saline, then repeat centrifugation
how can hexagonal uric acid crystals be distinguished from cystine crystals? ✔️✔️cystine
gives a pos nitroprusside test after reduction with sodium cyanide
the presence of tyrosine and leucine crystals together in a urine sediment usually indicates:
✔️✔️chronic liver disease
,which of the following crystals is considered nonpathological? ✔️✔️ammonium biurate
at which pH are ammonium biurate crystals usually found in urine? ✔️✔️alkaline urine only
which of the following crystals is seen commonly in alkaline and neutral urine?
✔️✔️magnesium ammonium phosphate
which crystal appears in urine as a long, thin, hexagonal plate, and is linked to ingestion of large
amounts of benzoic acid? ✔️✔️hippuric acid
small yellow needles are seen in the sediment of a urine sample with a pH of 6. which of the
following crystals can be ruled out? ✔️✔️cholesterol crystals
oval fat bodies are derived from: ✔️✔️renal tubular epithelium
oval fat bodies are often associated with: ✔️✔️lipoid nephrosis
urine of constant SG ranging from 1.008 to 1.010 most likely indicates: ✔️✔️renal tubular
failure
which of the following characterizes prerenal failure, and helps to differentiate it from acute
renal failure caused by renal disease? ✔️✔️BUN:creatinine ratio of 20:1 or higher
, which of the following conditions characterizes chronic glomerulonephritis and helps to
differentiate it from acute glomerulonephritis? ✔️✔️polyuria
which of the following conditions is seen in acute renal failure and helps to differentiate it from
prerenal failure? ✔️✔️abnormal urinary sediment
which of the following conditions characterizes acute renal failure and helps to differentiate it
from chronic renal failure? ✔️✔️hyperkalemia
the serum concentration of which analyte is likely to be decreased in untreated cases of acute
renal failure? ✔️✔️calcium
which of the following conditions is associated with the greatest proteinuria? ✔️✔️nephrotic
syndrome
which of the following conditions is often a cause of glomerulonephritis? ✔️✔️systemic lupus
erythematosus
acute pyelonephritis is commonly caused by: ✔️✔️bacterial infection of medullary interstitium
which type of casts signals the presence of chronic renal failure? ✔️✔️waxy casts
urinalysis of a sample from a patient suspected of having a transfusion reaction reveals small
yellow-brown crystals in the micro examination. dry reagent strip tests are normal with the
exception of a pos blood reaction (moderate) and trace pos protein. the pH of the urine is 6.5.
what test should be performed to pos identify the crystals? ✔️✔️prussian blue stain
when examining urinary sediment, which of the following is considered an abnormal finding?
✔️✔️0-1 renal cell casts per LPF
a urine sample with a pH of 6 produces an abundance of pink sediment after centrifugation that
appears as densely packed yellow to reddish brown granules under the microscope. the crystals
are so dense that no other formed elements can be evaluated. what is the best course of action?
✔️✔️suspend the sediment in prewarmed saline, then repeat centrifugation
how can hexagonal uric acid crystals be distinguished from cystine crystals? ✔️✔️cystine
gives a pos nitroprusside test after reduction with sodium cyanide
the presence of tyrosine and leucine crystals together in a urine sediment usually indicates:
✔️✔️chronic liver disease
,which of the following crystals is considered nonpathological? ✔️✔️ammonium biurate
at which pH are ammonium biurate crystals usually found in urine? ✔️✔️alkaline urine only
which of the following crystals is seen commonly in alkaline and neutral urine?
✔️✔️magnesium ammonium phosphate
which crystal appears in urine as a long, thin, hexagonal plate, and is linked to ingestion of large
amounts of benzoic acid? ✔️✔️hippuric acid
small yellow needles are seen in the sediment of a urine sample with a pH of 6. which of the
following crystals can be ruled out? ✔️✔️cholesterol crystals
oval fat bodies are derived from: ✔️✔️renal tubular epithelium
oval fat bodies are often associated with: ✔️✔️lipoid nephrosis
urine of constant SG ranging from 1.008 to 1.010 most likely indicates: ✔️✔️renal tubular
failure
which of the following characterizes prerenal failure, and helps to differentiate it from acute
renal failure caused by renal disease? ✔️✔️BUN:creatinine ratio of 20:1 or higher
, which of the following conditions characterizes chronic glomerulonephritis and helps to
differentiate it from acute glomerulonephritis? ✔️✔️polyuria
which of the following conditions is seen in acute renal failure and helps to differentiate it from
prerenal failure? ✔️✔️abnormal urinary sediment
which of the following conditions characterizes acute renal failure and helps to differentiate it
from chronic renal failure? ✔️✔️hyperkalemia
the serum concentration of which analyte is likely to be decreased in untreated cases of acute
renal failure? ✔️✔️calcium
which of the following conditions is associated with the greatest proteinuria? ✔️✔️nephrotic
syndrome
which of the following conditions is often a cause of glomerulonephritis? ✔️✔️systemic lupus
erythematosus
acute pyelonephritis is commonly caused by: ✔️✔️bacterial infection of medullary interstitium
