HCMG FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+)
What is a Health Care System - ANSWER-An organization of people, institutions and
resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target
populations.
Biomedical Model - ANSWER-Presupposes the existence of illness/disease thereby
emphasizing clinical diagnosis and medical intervention in the treatment of disease.
Health Interventions - ANSWER-Strategies to improve Health
-School nutrition programs
-patient safety protocols
-community-based partnerships
-care coordination
Fundamental Theories for health care distribution - ANSWER-Market- individual
responsibility for health
Social- shared responsibility for health
Preindustrial Era - ANSWER--few medical school & hospitals
-Apprenticeships
-trade w/out prestige
-no tools or antisepsis
-medical care mainly in households
PostIndustrial Era - ANSWER--XRAYs discovered 1895
-cities more centralized
-lay people could no longer deliver medical care
-fewer house calls
-PROFESSIONALIZATION of healthcare
Flexner Report - ANSWER-Examination of medical schools. Closure of a lot of schools
came about.
Medicare - ANSWER-One of the largest sources of public health insurance. Serves
people over 65, disabled and people with End stage Renal disease.
Medicare Part A - ANSWER-Social Security funds to finance hospital care
Medicare Part B - ANSWER-covers physician services
, Medicaid - ANSWER-The third largest source of health insurance in the US. provides
coverage for low-income adults, children and elderly and individuals with disabilities.
Health Care Quality - ANSWER-the degree to which health services for individuals and
populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes
DONABEDIAN FRAMEWORK - ANSWER-Structure-available resources, infrastructure
(technology,personnel), financing
-Accreditation
-# of trained employees
-Technological competencies and devices
DONABEDIAN FRAMEWORK - ANSWER-Process- care delivery, strategies,
communication
-correct diagnostic test
-correct prescriptions
-accurate drug admin
DONABEDIAN FRAMEWORK - ANSWER-Outcome- Patient, organizational,
Community of environmental
-infection rates
-rates of rehospitalization
-patient satisfaction
Blue Cross - ANSWER-hospital insurance
Blue Shield - ANSWER-physican fees (both merges in the 1970's)
Corporate Era - ANSWER--1970's to present
-Managed care- control physician and hospital fees
-Integrated delivery system
-Information revolutions(telemedicine, e-health)
-Globilization-crossborder activities
3 Cornerstones of Healthcare delivery - ANSWER--High in COST
-Unequal in ACCESS
-Average in QUALITY
3 Reasons for High Health Care Costs - ANSWER-1- Growth of technology-
inexpensive technology makes people live longer.
2- Increased Elderly Population- Elderly consume more health care costs than the
general population
3- Multipayer system & Administrative Costs- its takes a lot of time and effort to keep up
with all payers, single payer would cut administrative costs.
ANSWERS (ALREADY GRADED A+)
What is a Health Care System - ANSWER-An organization of people, institutions and
resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target
populations.
Biomedical Model - ANSWER-Presupposes the existence of illness/disease thereby
emphasizing clinical diagnosis and medical intervention in the treatment of disease.
Health Interventions - ANSWER-Strategies to improve Health
-School nutrition programs
-patient safety protocols
-community-based partnerships
-care coordination
Fundamental Theories for health care distribution - ANSWER-Market- individual
responsibility for health
Social- shared responsibility for health
Preindustrial Era - ANSWER--few medical school & hospitals
-Apprenticeships
-trade w/out prestige
-no tools or antisepsis
-medical care mainly in households
PostIndustrial Era - ANSWER--XRAYs discovered 1895
-cities more centralized
-lay people could no longer deliver medical care
-fewer house calls
-PROFESSIONALIZATION of healthcare
Flexner Report - ANSWER-Examination of medical schools. Closure of a lot of schools
came about.
Medicare - ANSWER-One of the largest sources of public health insurance. Serves
people over 65, disabled and people with End stage Renal disease.
Medicare Part A - ANSWER-Social Security funds to finance hospital care
Medicare Part B - ANSWER-covers physician services
, Medicaid - ANSWER-The third largest source of health insurance in the US. provides
coverage for low-income adults, children and elderly and individuals with disabilities.
Health Care Quality - ANSWER-the degree to which health services for individuals and
populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes
DONABEDIAN FRAMEWORK - ANSWER-Structure-available resources, infrastructure
(technology,personnel), financing
-Accreditation
-# of trained employees
-Technological competencies and devices
DONABEDIAN FRAMEWORK - ANSWER-Process- care delivery, strategies,
communication
-correct diagnostic test
-correct prescriptions
-accurate drug admin
DONABEDIAN FRAMEWORK - ANSWER-Outcome- Patient, organizational,
Community of environmental
-infection rates
-rates of rehospitalization
-patient satisfaction
Blue Cross - ANSWER-hospital insurance
Blue Shield - ANSWER-physican fees (both merges in the 1970's)
Corporate Era - ANSWER--1970's to present
-Managed care- control physician and hospital fees
-Integrated delivery system
-Information revolutions(telemedicine, e-health)
-Globilization-crossborder activities
3 Cornerstones of Healthcare delivery - ANSWER--High in COST
-Unequal in ACCESS
-Average in QUALITY
3 Reasons for High Health Care Costs - ANSWER-1- Growth of technology-
inexpensive technology makes people live longer.
2- Increased Elderly Population- Elderly consume more health care costs than the
general population
3- Multipayer system & Administrative Costs- its takes a lot of time and effort to keep up
with all payers, single payer would cut administrative costs.
