NSPN 7150- The Breastfeeding Experience Final
Questions and 100% Correct Verified Answers
What does not change in breastmilk - ✔✔The quality of milk for the infant
Changes in breastmilk: gestational age - ✔✔Preterm milk is higher in protein and anti-
infective properties to meet the need of preterm infants.
Changes in breastmilk: stages of lactation - ✔✔Stage I—Most women begin to produce
colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about 2-4 days after birth. Colostrum has
higher concentration of protein, minerals, and immunoglobulins but has less fat than mature
milk
Find out more about Colostrum here:
Stage II—the onset of copious milk secretion after birth (days 2-3 to 8 postpartum)
Stage III—secretion of mature milk
Colostrum - ✔✔is the first milk available to the infant. Most women begin to produce
colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about the first 2-3 days after birth. It has
high density and low volume, which is perfect for newborn stomach capacity. It also is very high
in immunoglobulins, especially IgA. Colostrum is often considered the "first immunization" as
infants are born with an immature immune system. Immunoglobulins and other anti-infective
properties are even higher in preterm colostrum. This is especially important for preterm
infants.
Changes in breastmilk: time of day - ✔✔Mothers often feel fuller and have more milk in the
morning, and by the evening, they feel less full. In the night, human milk tends to be higher in
fat content and lower in volume. This helps the infant have more extended periods of sleep
throughout the night.
,Changes in breastmilk: maternal diet - ✔✔The total amount of fat in the mother's diet does
not affect the amount of fat in human milk, but the types of fat in her diet influence the fatty
acids in her human milk.
Changes in breastmilk: age of infant - ✔✔Each mother's milk continually changes to meet
the needs of her infant from neonate to toddler. The infant's salivary amylase fine-tunes what is
in the breast milk to provide exactly what the infant needs.
Changes in breastmilk: between breasts - ✔✔Breastfeeding two siblings of different ages is
called tandem nursing. In this case, the body always compensates to meet the needs of the
infant and the colostrum quickly changes to milk. Because each breast produces milk
independently of the other, the breast milk will adapt to feeding two children with different
needs if each nurses only on one breast.
Changes in breastmilk: illness in mother or infant - ✔✔The mother's immune system will
create antibodies in response to pathogens her infant is exposed to. These specific anti-
infective factors go into her milk to help protect her infant.
Changes in breastmilk: volume of human milk - ✔✔It is well known that human milk
production is dependent on infant demand. The breast balances supply to meet the infant's
demand for human milk. Mothers should feed their infants based on cues that demonstrate
hunger/appetite
-first 24 hours, colostrum, 37 mls
-25-96 hrs, increase
-day 5, 500mls/day
-month 6, 800mls a day
Changes in breastmilk: stages of feed - ✔✔Foremilk (95% of volume)/hindmilk (5% of
volume)
The level of lactose is relatively stable throughout the feed; an increase in the fat concentration
is the main difference. Although diet can affect some nutrients in milk, mothers who are not
always able to eat proper food produce nutritious milk. Having a proper diet is the best way to
,ensure that the mother remains healthy and has the energy she needs to care for herself and
her infant.
What are the 4 stages if lactation? - ✔✔1) Mammogenesis
2)Lactogenesis (1&2)
3)Galactopoiesis
4) Involution
Explain mammogenesis - ✔✔Growth and development of mammary gland.
-Gestation (development at 5 weeks of fetal life along mammary ridge. maternal hormones
may cause colostrum to be present at birth
-Infancy (male/female breasts are same in infancy before puberty)
-Mature (breasts are fully developed by 20. During menstrual cycle growth and development
occurs during follicular and ovulatory phase and regresses. Until 30 changes are advantageous
is regression is not complete
-Pregnancy (rapid development of additional glandular tissue and ducts, darkening of areola)
Lactogenesis 1 is onset of milk until full milk production
-Lactating (lactogenesis 2)-full secretory activity of alveolar cells and production of milk
Explain lactogenesis 1 - ✔✔Prepares breast tissue for milk synthesis through colostrum
production.
-Lactogenesis 1: Prolactin causes the alveolar structures to become milk producing cells.
Colostrum is secreted by 2nd trimester. Progesterone inhibits milk production and with the
delivery of the placenta progesterone decreases and is the trigger for lactogenesis 2
Explain lactogenesis 2 - ✔✔This occurs 2-3 days postpartum and is the onset of copious milk
production. Mothers feel this stage as the milk "coming in." This process is under endocrine
(hormonal) control. If the infant fails to begin to suck and remove milk from the breast, the
secretion of milk will decline
, Explain galactopoiesis? - ✔✔Maintaining the production of milk.
Refers to maintaining the production of milk or the maintenance of established milk secretion.
The composition of the milk changes so that by about day 10, it is called "mature milk." This
process is under autocrine control and is dependent on infant suckling (milk removal)
Explain involution? - ✔✔This process takes about 40 days after the last feeding. Both the
experience of the mother and the composition of her milk will be different if the process is
abrupt or gradual. Levels of sodium, chloride, protein, and lactose outside of typical norms
suggest weaning or mastitis
Lactogenesis is under what control? - ✔✔endocrine (hormonal) control
Galactopoiesis is under what control? - ✔✔autrocrine control
Do infants need water in first 6 months of life? - ✔✔In the first six months of an infant's life,
they do not need any water, even in hot and dry climates, as the majority of human milk is
made of water (87%)
Properties and Components of Carbohydrates in milk - ✔✔-7% of the composition of mature
milk-Major carbohydrate is lactose which supplies 10% of caloric needs. -Lactose metabolizes
into galactose and glucose which supplies energy. Slow breakdown and absorption increases Ca
absorption and facilitates passage of meconium and excretion of bilirubin-Oligosaccharides.
play a role in protecting the gut from organisms by promoting growth of bifidus factors which
promote growth of lactobacillus bifidus (probiotics), increase acidity in the intestinal
environment (prevents necrotizing enterocolitis) and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria
Properties and Components of Protein in milk - ✔✔Level of protein is not affected by the
diet. Levels change to meet nutritional need of the infant.Whey (lactoalbumin) is a smoother
protein that forms soft curds taht are quickly digested which provides a continuous supply of
nutrients to the infant resulting in loose stools and needs to eat frequently. 90% in early
Questions and 100% Correct Verified Answers
What does not change in breastmilk - ✔✔The quality of milk for the infant
Changes in breastmilk: gestational age - ✔✔Preterm milk is higher in protein and anti-
infective properties to meet the need of preterm infants.
Changes in breastmilk: stages of lactation - ✔✔Stage I—Most women begin to produce
colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about 2-4 days after birth. Colostrum has
higher concentration of protein, minerals, and immunoglobulins but has less fat than mature
milk
Find out more about Colostrum here:
Stage II—the onset of copious milk secretion after birth (days 2-3 to 8 postpartum)
Stage III—secretion of mature milk
Colostrum - ✔✔is the first milk available to the infant. Most women begin to produce
colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about the first 2-3 days after birth. It has
high density and low volume, which is perfect for newborn stomach capacity. It also is very high
in immunoglobulins, especially IgA. Colostrum is often considered the "first immunization" as
infants are born with an immature immune system. Immunoglobulins and other anti-infective
properties are even higher in preterm colostrum. This is especially important for preterm
infants.
Changes in breastmilk: time of day - ✔✔Mothers often feel fuller and have more milk in the
morning, and by the evening, they feel less full. In the night, human milk tends to be higher in
fat content and lower in volume. This helps the infant have more extended periods of sleep
throughout the night.
,Changes in breastmilk: maternal diet - ✔✔The total amount of fat in the mother's diet does
not affect the amount of fat in human milk, but the types of fat in her diet influence the fatty
acids in her human milk.
Changes in breastmilk: age of infant - ✔✔Each mother's milk continually changes to meet
the needs of her infant from neonate to toddler. The infant's salivary amylase fine-tunes what is
in the breast milk to provide exactly what the infant needs.
Changes in breastmilk: between breasts - ✔✔Breastfeeding two siblings of different ages is
called tandem nursing. In this case, the body always compensates to meet the needs of the
infant and the colostrum quickly changes to milk. Because each breast produces milk
independently of the other, the breast milk will adapt to feeding two children with different
needs if each nurses only on one breast.
Changes in breastmilk: illness in mother or infant - ✔✔The mother's immune system will
create antibodies in response to pathogens her infant is exposed to. These specific anti-
infective factors go into her milk to help protect her infant.
Changes in breastmilk: volume of human milk - ✔✔It is well known that human milk
production is dependent on infant demand. The breast balances supply to meet the infant's
demand for human milk. Mothers should feed their infants based on cues that demonstrate
hunger/appetite
-first 24 hours, colostrum, 37 mls
-25-96 hrs, increase
-day 5, 500mls/day
-month 6, 800mls a day
Changes in breastmilk: stages of feed - ✔✔Foremilk (95% of volume)/hindmilk (5% of
volume)
The level of lactose is relatively stable throughout the feed; an increase in the fat concentration
is the main difference. Although diet can affect some nutrients in milk, mothers who are not
always able to eat proper food produce nutritious milk. Having a proper diet is the best way to
,ensure that the mother remains healthy and has the energy she needs to care for herself and
her infant.
What are the 4 stages if lactation? - ✔✔1) Mammogenesis
2)Lactogenesis (1&2)
3)Galactopoiesis
4) Involution
Explain mammogenesis - ✔✔Growth and development of mammary gland.
-Gestation (development at 5 weeks of fetal life along mammary ridge. maternal hormones
may cause colostrum to be present at birth
-Infancy (male/female breasts are same in infancy before puberty)
-Mature (breasts are fully developed by 20. During menstrual cycle growth and development
occurs during follicular and ovulatory phase and regresses. Until 30 changes are advantageous
is regression is not complete
-Pregnancy (rapid development of additional glandular tissue and ducts, darkening of areola)
Lactogenesis 1 is onset of milk until full milk production
-Lactating (lactogenesis 2)-full secretory activity of alveolar cells and production of milk
Explain lactogenesis 1 - ✔✔Prepares breast tissue for milk synthesis through colostrum
production.
-Lactogenesis 1: Prolactin causes the alveolar structures to become milk producing cells.
Colostrum is secreted by 2nd trimester. Progesterone inhibits milk production and with the
delivery of the placenta progesterone decreases and is the trigger for lactogenesis 2
Explain lactogenesis 2 - ✔✔This occurs 2-3 days postpartum and is the onset of copious milk
production. Mothers feel this stage as the milk "coming in." This process is under endocrine
(hormonal) control. If the infant fails to begin to suck and remove milk from the breast, the
secretion of milk will decline
, Explain galactopoiesis? - ✔✔Maintaining the production of milk.
Refers to maintaining the production of milk or the maintenance of established milk secretion.
The composition of the milk changes so that by about day 10, it is called "mature milk." This
process is under autocrine control and is dependent on infant suckling (milk removal)
Explain involution? - ✔✔This process takes about 40 days after the last feeding. Both the
experience of the mother and the composition of her milk will be different if the process is
abrupt or gradual. Levels of sodium, chloride, protein, and lactose outside of typical norms
suggest weaning or mastitis
Lactogenesis is under what control? - ✔✔endocrine (hormonal) control
Galactopoiesis is under what control? - ✔✔autrocrine control
Do infants need water in first 6 months of life? - ✔✔In the first six months of an infant's life,
they do not need any water, even in hot and dry climates, as the majority of human milk is
made of water (87%)
Properties and Components of Carbohydrates in milk - ✔✔-7% of the composition of mature
milk-Major carbohydrate is lactose which supplies 10% of caloric needs. -Lactose metabolizes
into galactose and glucose which supplies energy. Slow breakdown and absorption increases Ca
absorption and facilitates passage of meconium and excretion of bilirubin-Oligosaccharides.
play a role in protecting the gut from organisms by promoting growth of bifidus factors which
promote growth of lactobacillus bifidus (probiotics), increase acidity in the intestinal
environment (prevents necrotizing enterocolitis) and inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria
Properties and Components of Protein in milk - ✔✔Level of protein is not affected by the
diet. Levels change to meet nutritional need of the infant.Whey (lactoalbumin) is a smoother
protein that forms soft curds taht are quickly digested which provides a continuous supply of
nutrients to the infant resulting in loose stools and needs to eat frequently. 90% in early
