BIOD331
Neural Function Disorders
Finals Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in the
pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease?
a) Norepinephrine
b) Acetylcholine
c) Dopamine
d) Serotonin
ANS: c) Dopamine
Rationale: Parkinson's Disease is characterized by a
significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
2. In Multiple Sclerosis, which cells are primarily affected,
leading to demyelination?
a) Oligodendrocytes
b) Schwann cells
c) Astrocytes
d) Ependymal cells
ANS: a) Oligodendrocytes
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Multiple Sclerosis damages oligodendrocytes,
which are responsible for myelination in the central nervous
system.
3. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind
Alzheimer’s Disease?
a) Neuroinflammation
b) Protein aggregation
c) Glutamate excitotoxicity
d) Vascular damage
ANS: b) Protein aggregation
Rationale: Alzheimer’s Disease is characterized by the
accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
formed by tau proteins.
4. Which of the following can serve as a biomarker for the
diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
a) Tau protein levels
b) Neurofilament light chain
c) Nerve growth factor (NGF)
d) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
ANS: b) Neurofilament light chain
©2024/2025
Neural Function Disorders
Finals Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which neurotransmitter is primarily implicated in the
pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease?
a) Norepinephrine
b) Acetylcholine
c) Dopamine
d) Serotonin
ANS: c) Dopamine
Rationale: Parkinson's Disease is characterized by a
significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
2. In Multiple Sclerosis, which cells are primarily affected,
leading to demyelination?
a) Oligodendrocytes
b) Schwann cells
c) Astrocytes
d) Ependymal cells
ANS: a) Oligodendrocytes
©2024/2025
, Rationale: Multiple Sclerosis damages oligodendrocytes,
which are responsible for myelination in the central nervous
system.
3. What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism behind
Alzheimer’s Disease?
a) Neuroinflammation
b) Protein aggregation
c) Glutamate excitotoxicity
d) Vascular damage
ANS: b) Protein aggregation
Rationale: Alzheimer’s Disease is characterized by the
accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
formed by tau proteins.
4. Which of the following can serve as a biomarker for the
diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?
a) Tau protein levels
b) Neurofilament light chain
c) Nerve growth factor (NGF)
d) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
ANS: b) Neurofilament light chain
©2024/2025
