BIOD331
Cardiovascular & Hematopoietic
disorders
Finals Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is the most common cause of coronary
artery occlusion?
A) Atherosclerosis
B) Vasculitis
C) Thrombosis
D) Embolism
Correct ANS : A) Atherosclerosis
Rationale : Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque in the
arteries, which is the primary contributor to coronary artery
occlusion.
2. In patients with heart failure, which hormone is typically
elevated and indicates volume overload?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
C) Angiotensin II
D) Cortisol
Correct ANS : B) Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Rationale : BNP is released by the ventricles in response to
wall stress and volume overload, serving as a biomarker for heart
failure.
©2024/2025
, 3. Which type of anemia is characterized by the presence of
microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells?
A) Aplastic anemia
B) Iron deficiency anemia
C) Megaloblastic anemia
D) Hemolytic anemia
Correct ANS : B) Iron deficiency anemia
Rationale : Iron deficiency anemia leads to the production of
smaller (microcytic) and paler (hypochromic) red blood cells due
to insufficient hemoglobin synthesis.
4. What pathophysiological process leads to the development of
Raynaud’s phenomenon?
A) Arterial embolism
B) Vasospasm of peripheral arteries
C) Thrombus formation
D) Decreased blood viscosity
Correct ANS : B) Vasospasm of peripheral arteries
Rationale : Raynaud's phenomenon is caused by exaggerated
vasospastic responses to cold or stress, leading to reduced blood
flow in extremities.
©2024/2025
Cardiovascular & Hematopoietic
disorders
Finals Exam (Qns & Ans)
2025
General Instructions
1. Read All Questions Carefully: Make sure you understand each question.
2. Time Management: You have a specific amount of time to complete the exam.
Keep an eye on the clock and pace yourself.
3. Allowed Materials: Only use materials that are explicitly allowed. Unauthorized
materials can lead to disqualification.
4. ANS Format: Follow the required format for your ANS. For example, multiple-
choice questions might need you to select the best ANS, while essay questions
require detailed responses.
5. Academic Integrity: Adhere to the university's honor code. Any form of cheating or
plagiarism is strictly prohibited.
6. Technical Requirements: Ensure your computer and internet connection are
stable. For online exams, you might need a webcam and microphone for proctoring
purposes.
7. Submission: Submit your ANS before the time expires. Late submissions might
not be accepted.
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following is the most common cause of coronary
artery occlusion?
A) Atherosclerosis
B) Vasculitis
C) Thrombosis
D) Embolism
Correct ANS : A) Atherosclerosis
Rationale : Atherosclerosis is a buildup of plaque in the
arteries, which is the primary contributor to coronary artery
occlusion.
2. In patients with heart failure, which hormone is typically
elevated and indicates volume overload?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
C) Angiotensin II
D) Cortisol
Correct ANS : B) Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
Rationale : BNP is released by the ventricles in response to
wall stress and volume overload, serving as a biomarker for heart
failure.
©2024/2025
, 3. Which type of anemia is characterized by the presence of
microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells?
A) Aplastic anemia
B) Iron deficiency anemia
C) Megaloblastic anemia
D) Hemolytic anemia
Correct ANS : B) Iron deficiency anemia
Rationale : Iron deficiency anemia leads to the production of
smaller (microcytic) and paler (hypochromic) red blood cells due
to insufficient hemoglobin synthesis.
4. What pathophysiological process leads to the development of
Raynaud’s phenomenon?
A) Arterial embolism
B) Vasospasm of peripheral arteries
C) Thrombus formation
D) Decreased blood viscosity
Correct ANS : B) Vasospasm of peripheral arteries
Rationale : Raynaud's phenomenon is caused by exaggerated
vasospastic responses to cold or stress, leading to reduced blood
flow in extremities.
©2024/2025
