STOTT PILATES EXAM PREP-ACTIONS,
ORIGINS AND INSERTIONS OF
MUSCLES WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Gastrocnemius - ANSWER-A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral
condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus - ANSWER-A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior - ANSWER-A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior - ANSWER-A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle
stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar
surfaces of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones.
Popliteus - ANSWER-A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia.
Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris - ANSWER-A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at
the knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of
knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
Peroneus Longus - ANSWER-A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives
lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
Peroneus Brevis - ANSWER-A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle.
Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
, O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius - ANSWER-A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
Extensor Hallucis Longus - ANSWER-A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued
action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus - ANSWER-A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and
everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal
surfaces of bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus - ANSWER-Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Fibula (posterior shaft)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great toe
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
Flexor Digitorum Longus - ANSWER-Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Tibia (posterior middle shaft)
Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin)
muscles
Vastus Medialis - ANSWER-A: Extends leg at knee and draws patella medially. O:
Lower 1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longus
I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into tibial tuberosity
ORIGINS AND INSERTIONS OF
MUSCLES WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Gastrocnemius - ANSWER-A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle, O:femoral
condyles
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Soleus - ANSWER-A: plantarflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Upper 1/3 of fibia
I: Calcaneus via achilles tendon
Tibialis Anterior - ANSWER-A: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot at ankle
O: Lateral condyle of tibia
I: plantar surface of first metatarsal and cuneiform
Tibialis Posterior - ANSWER-A: Inverts and plantarflexes the foot at ankle. Medial ankle
stabilizer.
O: Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia, proximal 2/3 of medial surface of fibula.
I: Tuberosity of navicular, with branches to sustenaculum tali of calcaneus, plantar
surfaces of all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones.
Popliteus - ANSWER-A: Rotates tibia medially on the femur, or femur laterally on tibia.
Brings knee out of full extension. Helps with posterior stability of knee
O: Lateral condyle of the femur
I: Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line.
Plantaris - ANSWER-A: plantar flexes and inverts the foot at the ankle, flexes the leg at
the knee.
O: Lower part of lateral supracondylar line of femur, and oblique popliteal ligament of
knee.
I: Posterior part of the calcaneus medial to the achilles tendon.
Peroneus Longus - ANSWER-A: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot at ankle. Gives
lateral stability to the ankle.
O: Head and proximal 2/3 of lateral tibia
I: Lateral margin of plantar surface of 1st cuneiform and metatarsal.
Peroneus Brevis - ANSWER-A: Eversion and plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle.
Gives lateral stability to the ankle.
, O: Distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula.
I: Tuberosity on lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Peroneus Tertius - ANSWER-A: Dorsiflexes and everts the foot at the ankle.
O: Distal 1/3 of anterior surface of fibula.
I: Dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal.
Extensor Hallucis Longus - ANSWER-A: Extends distal phalanx of big toe. Continued
action extends proximal phalanx and dorsiflexes and inverts the foot at the ankle.
O: Middle 1/2 of the anterior surface of fibula,
I: Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of hallux (big toe)
Extensor Digitorum Longus - ANSWER-A: Extends the lateral 4 toes. Dorsiflexes and
everts foot at the ankle.
O: Lateral condyle of tibia, head and proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of fibula.
I: Divides into 4 tendons after passing under extensor retinaculum to insert on dorsal
surfaces of bases of middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd-5th toes.
Flexor Hallucis Longus - ANSWER-Action:
Flexion of great toe
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Fibula (posterior shaft)
Interosseous membrane
Insertion:
Distal phalanx of great toe
Comment:
Powerful muscle for "push-off" of foot during walking and running
Flexor Digitorum Longus - ANSWER-Action:
Flexion of toes 2-5
Plantar flexion of foot
Inversion of foot
Origin:
Tibia (posterior middle shaft)
Insertion:
Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
Comment:
Tendon provides attachment for quadratus plantae (insertion) and lumbrical (origin)
muscles
Vastus Medialis - ANSWER-A: Extends leg at knee and draws patella medially. O:
Lower 1/2 of intertrochanteric line, tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longus
I: Medial border of the patella and through the ligamentum patallae into tibial tuberosity
