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Exam 2: NU606/ NU 606 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Guide| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Regis

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Exam 2: NU606/ NU 606 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pathophysiology Guide| Qs & As| Grade A| 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Regis Q: What are the major mechanisms in which antibiotics inhibit or kill bacteria? Answer: by inhibiting cell wall, protein and nucleic acid synthesis and metabolism Q: How do antivirals work? Answer: they inhibit viral RNA or DNA synthesis, viral enzymes, viral binding to cells, and production of the protein coats (capsids) of new viruses Q: IgM: rises and fall during the acute phase Answer: IgG: remains elevated after the acute phase Q: Impacted cerumen may cause pain, itching, sensation of fullness Answer: it accumulate and narrow the canal causing reversible conductive hearing loss Q: There are usually no symptoms with impacted cerumen except when Answer: it touches the tympanic membrane/canal becomes irritated by a buildup of hardened cerumen Q: Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear Answer: inflammation of the external ear that can vary in severity, caused by infectious agents, irritation, swimming, or allergic reactions Q: What microbes cause 91% of cases of acute OE? Which ones are bacteria and which ones are fungi? Answer: 91% of cases of acute OE is caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteria), Proteus species (bacteria), and Aspergillus (fungi) Q: Three Basic Functions of the Eustachian Tube Answer: - Ventilation of the middle ear, along with equalization of middle ear and ambient pressures - Protection of the middle ear from unwanted nasopharyngeal sound waves and secretions - Drainage of middle ear secretions into the nasopharynx Q: Acute Otitis Media Answer: an acute bacterial or viral infection in the middle ear Q: Why infants are more susceptible to acute otitis media? Answer: the eustachian tube is shorter, more horizontal, and wider; it can spread more easily in infants who spend most of their day in the supine position Q: What is Otitis Media with Effusion? Answer: it is fluid in the middle ear without s/s of acute ear infection; it can develop spontaneously Q: Tinnitus Answer: ringing or buzzing in the ears caused by impacted cerumen, noise-induced hearing loss, presbycusis (sensorineural hearing loss that occurs with aging), hypertension, head injury, inflammation, abnormal firing of auditory receptors, and etc Q: What are some of the causes of hearing loss? Answer: conductive disorders (when auditory stimuli are not transmitted properly through the structures of the ears to the sensory receptors in the inner ear; sensorineural disorders that affect the inner ear, auditory nerve or auditory pathways; genetic cause or intrauterine infections such as

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Examl2:lNU606/lNUl606l(LatestlUpdate)l
AdvancedlPathophysiologylGuide|lQsl&lAs|l
GradelA|l100%lCorrect (Verified Answers)
l–lRegis

Q:lWhatlarelthelmajorlmechanismslinlwhichlantibioticslinhibitlorlkilllbacteria?

Answer:
bylinhibitinglcelllwall,lproteinlandlnucleiclacidlsynthesislandlmetabolism




Q:lHowldolantiviralslwork?

Answer:
theylinhibitlvirallRNAlorlDNAlsynthesis,lvirallenzymes,lvirallbindingltolcells,landlproductionlo
flthelproteinlcoatsl(capsids)loflnewlviruses




Q:lIgM:lriseslandlfalllduringlthelacutelphase

Answer:
IgG:lremainslelevatedlafterlthelacutelphase




Q:lImpactedlcerumenlmaylcauselpain,litching,lsensationloflfullness

Answer:
itlaccumulatelandlnarrowlthelcanallcausinglreversiblelconductivelhearinglloss

,Q:lTherelarelusuallylnolsymptomslwithlimpactedlcerumenlexceptlwhen

Answer:
itltouchesltheltympaniclmembrane/canallbecomeslirritatedlbylalbuilduploflhardenedlcerumen




Q:lOtitislexterna,lalsolknownlaslswimmer'slear

Answer:
inflammationloflthelexternallearlthatlcanlvarylinlseverity,lcausedlbylinfectiouslagents,lirritation,
lswimming,lorlallergiclreactions




Q:lWhatlmicrobeslcausel91%loflcasesloflacutelOE?lWhichloneslarelbacterialandlwhichlonesl
arelfungi?


Answer:
91%loflcasesloflacutelOElislcausedlbylPseudomonaslaeruginosal(bacteria),lProteuslspeciesl(bac
teria),landlAspergillusl(fungi)




Q:lThreelBasiclFunctionsloflthelEustachianlTube

Answer:
-lVentilationloflthelmiddlelear,lalonglwithlequalizationloflmiddlelearlandlambientlpressures
-lProtectionloflthelmiddlelearlfromlunwantedlnasopharyngeallsoundlwaveslandlsecretions
-lDrainageloflmiddlelearlsecretionslintolthelnasopharynx




Q:lAcutelOtitislMedia

, Answer:
anlacutelbacteriallorlvirallinfectionlinlthelmiddlelear




Q:lWhylinfantslarelmorelsusceptibleltolacutelotitislmedia?

Answer:
theleustachianltubelislshorter,lmorelhorizontal,landlwider;litlcanlspreadlmoreleasilylinlinfantslw
holspendlmostlofltheirldaylinlthelsupinelposition




Q:lWhatlislOtitislMedialwithlEffusion?

Answer:
itlislfluidlinlthelmiddlelearlwithoutls/sloflacutelearlinfection;litlcanldeveloplspontaneously




Q:lTinnitus

Answer:
ringinglorlbuzzinglinlthelearslcausedlbylimpactedlcerumen,lnoise-
inducedlhearinglloss,lpresbycusisl(sensorineurallhearingllosslthatloccurslwithlaging),lhypertensi
on,lheadlinjury,linflammation,labnormallfiringloflauditorylreceptors,landletc




Q:lWhatlarelsomeloflthelcausesloflhearinglloss?

Answer:
conductiveldisordersl(whenlauditorylstimulilarelnotltransmittedlproperlylthroughlthelstructuresl
oflthelearsltolthelsensorylreceptorslinlthelinnerlear;lsensorineuralldisorderslthatlaffectlthelinnerl
ear,lauditorylnervelorlauditorylpathways;lgeneticlcauselorlintrauterinelinfectionslsuchlaslmatern

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