APHARM 1 FINAL-IV ANESTHETICS EXAM 2025
LATEST VERSION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Respiratory effects of propofol -Answer-decreased respiratory
drive
CV effects of propofol -Answer-Decreased BP, SVR, preload, and
contractility
CNS effects of propofol -Answer-Decreased ICP and IOP, no
analgesia, +/- seizure activity (has anticonvulsant properties but
there are a few rare cases of propofol inducing seizures)
Gold standard drug for ECT -Answer-Methohexital
Decreases seizure threshold and produces a better-quality
seizure
Sodium thiopental MOA -Answer-GABA-A agonist
Sodium thiopental respiratory effects -Answer-Decreased
respiratory drive
Histamine release can cause bronchoconstriction
Sodium thiopental CV effects -Answer-Hypotension
Myocardial depression
Preserves the baroreceptor reflex
Sodium thiopental CNS effects -Answer-Decreased ICP, CMRO2,
CBF, EEG
Can cause hyperalgesia
, Focal ischemia neuroprotection (carotid endarterectomy)
Thiobarbiturates molecule -Answer-sulfur molecule in the 2nd
position (increases lipid solubility and potency)
Oxybarbiturates molecule -Answer-Oxygen molecule in the 2nd
position
Dexmedetomidine MOA -Answer-Alpha-2 agonist -> decreases
cAMP -> inhibits the locus coeruleus in the pons (sedation)
Dexmedetomidine respiratory effect -Answer-preserves
respiratory drive
How does GABA-A receptor stimulation work? -Answer-GABA-A
receptor stimulation hyperpolarizes neurons by increasing Cl-
conductance.
More Cl- inside the cell makes the cell more negative. This
reduces resting membrane potential (RMP moves further away
from TP)
Propofol MOA -Answer-Direct GABA-A agonist- increases Cl-
conductance -> neuronal hyperpolarization
propofol class -Answer-alkylphenol
propofol formulation -Answer-1% solution in an emulsion of egg
lecithin, soybean oil, and glycerol
pKa=11
Preservative:
Diprivan- disodium edetate
Generic- sodium metabisulfite
LATEST VERSION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS GRADED A+
Respiratory effects of propofol -Answer-decreased respiratory
drive
CV effects of propofol -Answer-Decreased BP, SVR, preload, and
contractility
CNS effects of propofol -Answer-Decreased ICP and IOP, no
analgesia, +/- seizure activity (has anticonvulsant properties but
there are a few rare cases of propofol inducing seizures)
Gold standard drug for ECT -Answer-Methohexital
Decreases seizure threshold and produces a better-quality
seizure
Sodium thiopental MOA -Answer-GABA-A agonist
Sodium thiopental respiratory effects -Answer-Decreased
respiratory drive
Histamine release can cause bronchoconstriction
Sodium thiopental CV effects -Answer-Hypotension
Myocardial depression
Preserves the baroreceptor reflex
Sodium thiopental CNS effects -Answer-Decreased ICP, CMRO2,
CBF, EEG
Can cause hyperalgesia
, Focal ischemia neuroprotection (carotid endarterectomy)
Thiobarbiturates molecule -Answer-sulfur molecule in the 2nd
position (increases lipid solubility and potency)
Oxybarbiturates molecule -Answer-Oxygen molecule in the 2nd
position
Dexmedetomidine MOA -Answer-Alpha-2 agonist -> decreases
cAMP -> inhibits the locus coeruleus in the pons (sedation)
Dexmedetomidine respiratory effect -Answer-preserves
respiratory drive
How does GABA-A receptor stimulation work? -Answer-GABA-A
receptor stimulation hyperpolarizes neurons by increasing Cl-
conductance.
More Cl- inside the cell makes the cell more negative. This
reduces resting membrane potential (RMP moves further away
from TP)
Propofol MOA -Answer-Direct GABA-A agonist- increases Cl-
conductance -> neuronal hyperpolarization
propofol class -Answer-alkylphenol
propofol formulation -Answer-1% solution in an emulsion of egg
lecithin, soybean oil, and glycerol
pKa=11
Preservative:
Diprivan- disodium edetate
Generic- sodium metabisulfite
