©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NSPN 7150- The Breastfeeding Experience
Final Exam Questions And Answers
The most important measures of preventive health for mothers and infants? -
Answers✔Breastfeeding
What is Primary Healthcare? (3) - Answers✔Multi-sectoral policy and action, empowered
people and communities, and primary care and essential public health functions as the core of
integrated health services
Wet Nurses - Answers✔Women who breastfeed another's child
BF rates in Canada - Answers✔In 2018, even though 92% of Canadian women initiated
breastfeeding at birth, close to 25% of these women stopped breastfeeding before their infant
was one month old.
In 2018, 38% of mothers in Canada breastfed exclusively for six months (or more)
Maternal benefits of breastfeeding - Answers✔- Enhances normal postpartum hormonal state
(weight loss, faster involution, amenorrhea) & protects against post-partum depression
- Oxytocin helps the mother gain confidence in mothering, decreases stress, increases
attachment
- Improved long term health (decrease risk of breast CA, Ovarian CA, osteoporosis, heart
disease, and DM2)
- Improves food security as available and safe
Infants Benefit of Breastfeeding - Answers✔- Promotes optimal brain development and learning
potential: increased IQ
- Reduces the impact of infections & reduces hospital admissions
- Protection for ill infants
- Protection for premature infants against NEC and sepsis
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- Improves psychological and physiological well-being
- Protects from SIDS, DM1, asthma, lymphoma, Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis, Lymphoma and
Allergies
- Provides ideal growth and nutrition
Family and Social Benefits of Breastfeeding - Answers✔- Cost effective for families, reduction
on health care costs due to less infant infections, environmentally friendly, productivity
improvement
Risks of Human Milk Substitute - Answers✔contamination (not sterile), errors of preparation,
infant morbidity/mortality (malnutrition deficiencies and obesity), toxic chemicals, and
allergies.
Reasons for decline of BF - Answers✔About 44% of women surveyed felt that they had
insufficient breast milk, while 18% reported that they had difficulty with breastfeeding
technique. The third reason was due to medical conditions of the mother or infant (9%)
Todays issues contributing to BF difficulties - Answers✔- Aggressive marketing of formula &
Hospital practices (nurseries, separation of mother and infant)
- Unnecessary Supplementation & Bundling infant
- Lack of breastfeeding role models & Nuclear families-no support
- Lack of follow up support & Breastfeeding challenges (sore nipples, low supply)
- Cultural and societal challenges & Employment policies
Strategies to Support Breastfeeding - Answers✔support groups, breastfeeding as a norm,
prenatal education, educational materials to support education, professional support in
hospital and community, improved practices in hospital, public awareness promotion,
legislative marketing practices, adequate maternity benefits, and human rights legislation to
protect working women.
How much milk does an infant need? - Answers✔It's important to remember that the infant
just needs enough milk
Each mother's milk is..? - Answers✔-is unique,
-changes to meet the needs of her infant, and
-changes depending on gestational age and health of her infant, time of day, and the time
during feeding.
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What does not change in breastmilk - Answers✔The quality of milk for the infant
Changes in breastmilk: gestational age - Answers✔Preterm milk is higher in protein and anti-
infective properties to meet the need of preterm infants.
Changes in breastmilk: stages of lactation - Answers✔Stage I—Most women begin to produce
colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about 2-4 days after birth. Colostrum has
higher concentration of protein, minerals, and immunoglobulins but has less fat than mature
milk
Find out more about Colostrum here:
Stage II—the onset of copious milk secretion after birth (days 2-3 to 8 postpartum)
Stage III—secretion of mature milk
Colostrum - Answers✔is the first milk available to the infant. Most women begin to produce
colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about the first 2-3 days after birth. It has
high density and low volume, which is perfect for newborn stomach capacity. It also is very high
in immunoglobulins, especially IgA. Colostrum is often considered the "first immunization" as
infants are born with an immature immune system. Immunoglobulins and other anti-infective
properties are even higher in preterm colostrum. This is especially important for preterm
infants.
Changes in breastmilk: time of day - Answers✔Mothers often feel fuller and have more milk in
the morning, and by the evening, they feel less full. In the night, human milk tends to be higher
in fat content and lower in volume. This helps the infant have more extended periods of sleep
throughout the night.
Changes in breastmilk: maternal diet - Answers✔The total amount of fat in the mother's diet
does not affect the amount of fat in human milk, but the types of fat in her diet influence the
fatty acids in her human milk.
Changes in breastmilk: age of infant - Answers✔Each mother's milk continually changes to meet
the needs of her infant from neonate to toddler. The infant's salivary amylase fine-tunes what is
in the breast milk to provide exactly what the infant needs.
Changes in breastmilk: between breasts - Answers✔Breastfeeding two siblings of different ages
is called tandem nursing. In this case, the body always compensates to meet the needs of the
infant and the colostrum quickly changes to milk. Because each breast produces milk
independently of the other, the breast milk will adapt to feeding two children with different
needs if each nurses only on one breast.
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Changes in breastmilk: illness in mother or infant - Answers✔The mother's immune system will
create antibodies in response to pathogens her infant is exposed to. These specific anti-
infective factors go into her milk to help protect her infant.
Changes in breastmilk: volume of human milk - Answers✔It is well known that human milk
production is dependent on infant demand. The breast balances supply to meet the infant's
demand for human milk. Mothers should feed their infants based on cues that demonstrate
hunger/appetite
-first 24 hours, colostrum, 37 mls
-25-96 hrs, increase
-day 5, 500mls/day
-month 6, 800mls a day
Changes in breastmilk: stages of feed - Answers✔Foremilk (95% of volume)/hindmilk (5% of
volume)
The level of lactose is relatively stable throughout the feed; an increase in the fat concentration
is the main difference. Although diet can affect some nutrients in milk, mothers who are not
always able to eat proper food produce nutritious milk. Having a proper diet is the best way to
ensure that the mother remains healthy and has the energy she needs to care for herself and
her infant.
What are the 4 stages if lactation? - Answers✔1) Mammogenesis
2)Lactogenesis (1&2)
3)Galactopoiesis
4) Involution
Explain mammogenesis - Answers✔Growth and development of mammary gland.
-Gestation (development at 5 weeks of fetal life along mammary ridge. maternal hormones
may cause colostrum to be present at birth
-Infancy (male/female breasts are same in infancy before puberty)
-Mature (breasts are fully developed by 20. During menstrual cycle growth and development
occurs during follicular and ovulatory phase and regresses. Until 30 changes are advantageous
is regression is not complete
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NSPN 7150- The Breastfeeding Experience
Final Exam Questions And Answers
The most important measures of preventive health for mothers and infants? -
Answers✔Breastfeeding
What is Primary Healthcare? (3) - Answers✔Multi-sectoral policy and action, empowered
people and communities, and primary care and essential public health functions as the core of
integrated health services
Wet Nurses - Answers✔Women who breastfeed another's child
BF rates in Canada - Answers✔In 2018, even though 92% of Canadian women initiated
breastfeeding at birth, close to 25% of these women stopped breastfeeding before their infant
was one month old.
In 2018, 38% of mothers in Canada breastfed exclusively for six months (or more)
Maternal benefits of breastfeeding - Answers✔- Enhances normal postpartum hormonal state
(weight loss, faster involution, amenorrhea) & protects against post-partum depression
- Oxytocin helps the mother gain confidence in mothering, decreases stress, increases
attachment
- Improved long term health (decrease risk of breast CA, Ovarian CA, osteoporosis, heart
disease, and DM2)
- Improves food security as available and safe
Infants Benefit of Breastfeeding - Answers✔- Promotes optimal brain development and learning
potential: increased IQ
- Reduces the impact of infections & reduces hospital admissions
- Protection for ill infants
- Protection for premature infants against NEC and sepsis
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
- Improves psychological and physiological well-being
- Protects from SIDS, DM1, asthma, lymphoma, Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis, Lymphoma and
Allergies
- Provides ideal growth and nutrition
Family and Social Benefits of Breastfeeding - Answers✔- Cost effective for families, reduction
on health care costs due to less infant infections, environmentally friendly, productivity
improvement
Risks of Human Milk Substitute - Answers✔contamination (not sterile), errors of preparation,
infant morbidity/mortality (malnutrition deficiencies and obesity), toxic chemicals, and
allergies.
Reasons for decline of BF - Answers✔About 44% of women surveyed felt that they had
insufficient breast milk, while 18% reported that they had difficulty with breastfeeding
technique. The third reason was due to medical conditions of the mother or infant (9%)
Todays issues contributing to BF difficulties - Answers✔- Aggressive marketing of formula &
Hospital practices (nurseries, separation of mother and infant)
- Unnecessary Supplementation & Bundling infant
- Lack of breastfeeding role models & Nuclear families-no support
- Lack of follow up support & Breastfeeding challenges (sore nipples, low supply)
- Cultural and societal challenges & Employment policies
Strategies to Support Breastfeeding - Answers✔support groups, breastfeeding as a norm,
prenatal education, educational materials to support education, professional support in
hospital and community, improved practices in hospital, public awareness promotion,
legislative marketing practices, adequate maternity benefits, and human rights legislation to
protect working women.
How much milk does an infant need? - Answers✔It's important to remember that the infant
just needs enough milk
Each mother's milk is..? - Answers✔-is unique,
-changes to meet the needs of her infant, and
-changes depending on gestational age and health of her infant, time of day, and the time
during feeding.
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
What does not change in breastmilk - Answers✔The quality of milk for the infant
Changes in breastmilk: gestational age - Answers✔Preterm milk is higher in protein and anti-
infective properties to meet the need of preterm infants.
Changes in breastmilk: stages of lactation - Answers✔Stage I—Most women begin to produce
colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about 2-4 days after birth. Colostrum has
higher concentration of protein, minerals, and immunoglobulins but has less fat than mature
milk
Find out more about Colostrum here:
Stage II—the onset of copious milk secretion after birth (days 2-3 to 8 postpartum)
Stage III—secretion of mature milk
Colostrum - Answers✔is the first milk available to the infant. Most women begin to produce
colostrum in the last trimester of pregnancy and for about the first 2-3 days after birth. It has
high density and low volume, which is perfect for newborn stomach capacity. It also is very high
in immunoglobulins, especially IgA. Colostrum is often considered the "first immunization" as
infants are born with an immature immune system. Immunoglobulins and other anti-infective
properties are even higher in preterm colostrum. This is especially important for preterm
infants.
Changes in breastmilk: time of day - Answers✔Mothers often feel fuller and have more milk in
the morning, and by the evening, they feel less full. In the night, human milk tends to be higher
in fat content and lower in volume. This helps the infant have more extended periods of sleep
throughout the night.
Changes in breastmilk: maternal diet - Answers✔The total amount of fat in the mother's diet
does not affect the amount of fat in human milk, but the types of fat in her diet influence the
fatty acids in her human milk.
Changes in breastmilk: age of infant - Answers✔Each mother's milk continually changes to meet
the needs of her infant from neonate to toddler. The infant's salivary amylase fine-tunes what is
in the breast milk to provide exactly what the infant needs.
Changes in breastmilk: between breasts - Answers✔Breastfeeding two siblings of different ages
is called tandem nursing. In this case, the body always compensates to meet the needs of the
infant and the colostrum quickly changes to milk. Because each breast produces milk
independently of the other, the breast milk will adapt to feeding two children with different
needs if each nurses only on one breast.
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Changes in breastmilk: illness in mother or infant - Answers✔The mother's immune system will
create antibodies in response to pathogens her infant is exposed to. These specific anti-
infective factors go into her milk to help protect her infant.
Changes in breastmilk: volume of human milk - Answers✔It is well known that human milk
production is dependent on infant demand. The breast balances supply to meet the infant's
demand for human milk. Mothers should feed their infants based on cues that demonstrate
hunger/appetite
-first 24 hours, colostrum, 37 mls
-25-96 hrs, increase
-day 5, 500mls/day
-month 6, 800mls a day
Changes in breastmilk: stages of feed - Answers✔Foremilk (95% of volume)/hindmilk (5% of
volume)
The level of lactose is relatively stable throughout the feed; an increase in the fat concentration
is the main difference. Although diet can affect some nutrients in milk, mothers who are not
always able to eat proper food produce nutritious milk. Having a proper diet is the best way to
ensure that the mother remains healthy and has the energy she needs to care for herself and
her infant.
What are the 4 stages if lactation? - Answers✔1) Mammogenesis
2)Lactogenesis (1&2)
3)Galactopoiesis
4) Involution
Explain mammogenesis - Answers✔Growth and development of mammary gland.
-Gestation (development at 5 weeks of fetal life along mammary ridge. maternal hormones
may cause colostrum to be present at birth
-Infancy (male/female breasts are same in infancy before puberty)
-Mature (breasts are fully developed by 20. During menstrual cycle growth and development
occurs during follicular and ovulatory phase and regresses. Until 30 changes are advantageous
is regression is not complete
