©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
FOS Final Exam Questions And Answers
Complementary - Answers✔taken in conjunction w/ standard (allopathic) medical treatments
Alternative - Answers✔taken instead of standard medical treatments
Control Group - Answers✔ability to manipulate (or hold constant) the factors (variables) that
might affect the outcome of the experiment
Experimental Group - Answers✔receive the treatment
Placebo Group - Answers✔treated the same as experimental group but given a placebo
Independent variable - Answers✔variable that is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter
Dependent variable - Answers✔variable that is affected by the changes in the independent
variable
Confounding variable - Answers✔any other factor that might affect the dependent variable
other than the independent variable
Placebo effect - Answers✔Members of placebo group experience the beneficial effects that
should only be due to the active ingredient
Example of Expectation Bias
Double blind study - Answers✔both subjects and experimenter does NOT know which group
they are in
Single blind study - Answers✔Only researcher knows the participants group
Epidemiological study - Answers✔Correlational study
Used when it is unethical to have a control/ experiment group
Signs of a Pseudoscience - Answers✔1) Discoverer pitches the claim directly to the media rather
than going through a peer review & publication process
2) Discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his/ her work
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
3) Evidence for a discovery is anecdotal (testimonials)
4) Discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuries (**argument from
tradition**)
5) Discoverer has worked only in isolation ( most scientific research in medicine is done by
teams)
6) Discoverer must propose new (undiscovered & unproven) laws of nature to explain an
observation
Who came up with Homeopathy?? - Answers✔Samuel Hahnemann
Law of Similars (homeopathy) - Answers✔Asserts that substance that produces symptoms in
healthy people can cure the same symptoms in someone who is sick
Law of Infinitesimals (homeopathy) - Answers✔Although dilution of a medication may eliminate
side effects, it does not affect the effectiveness of the medication
Proponent's claim that the memory may be stored in the form of arranged water molecules
arranged in a specific position
Entropy - Answers✔an increase in disorder over time
Who developed the Plate Tectonics Theory in the mid 1950s and late 1960s?? -
Answers✔Alfred Wagner
Who mapped the ocean floor in his submarine and discovered seafloor spreading?? -
Answers✔Harry Hess
Layers of Earth - Answers✔1) crust 2) mantle 3) liquid outer core 4) solid inner core
Why do the layers exist?? - Answers✔Consequence of density differentiation of the early Earth
(heavy stuff sank towards the center)
Lithosphere - Answers✔consists of the crust & rigid upper mantle
Asthenosphere - Answers✔soft fluid part of the mantle that deforms & flows
How many major plates are there?? - Answers✔12
How does heat travel?? - Answers✔3 ways: Conduction, Convection, & Radiation
Conduction - Answers✔transfer of energy through matter from particle to particle
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
FOS Final Exam Questions And Answers
Complementary - Answers✔taken in conjunction w/ standard (allopathic) medical treatments
Alternative - Answers✔taken instead of standard medical treatments
Control Group - Answers✔ability to manipulate (or hold constant) the factors (variables) that
might affect the outcome of the experiment
Experimental Group - Answers✔receive the treatment
Placebo Group - Answers✔treated the same as experimental group but given a placebo
Independent variable - Answers✔variable that is deliberately manipulated by the experimenter
Dependent variable - Answers✔variable that is affected by the changes in the independent
variable
Confounding variable - Answers✔any other factor that might affect the dependent variable
other than the independent variable
Placebo effect - Answers✔Members of placebo group experience the beneficial effects that
should only be due to the active ingredient
Example of Expectation Bias
Double blind study - Answers✔both subjects and experimenter does NOT know which group
they are in
Single blind study - Answers✔Only researcher knows the participants group
Epidemiological study - Answers✔Correlational study
Used when it is unethical to have a control/ experiment group
Signs of a Pseudoscience - Answers✔1) Discoverer pitches the claim directly to the media rather
than going through a peer review & publication process
2) Discoverer says that a powerful establishment is trying to suppress his/ her work
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
3) Evidence for a discovery is anecdotal (testimonials)
4) Discoverer says a belief is credible because it has endured for centuries (**argument from
tradition**)
5) Discoverer has worked only in isolation ( most scientific research in medicine is done by
teams)
6) Discoverer must propose new (undiscovered & unproven) laws of nature to explain an
observation
Who came up with Homeopathy?? - Answers✔Samuel Hahnemann
Law of Similars (homeopathy) - Answers✔Asserts that substance that produces symptoms in
healthy people can cure the same symptoms in someone who is sick
Law of Infinitesimals (homeopathy) - Answers✔Although dilution of a medication may eliminate
side effects, it does not affect the effectiveness of the medication
Proponent's claim that the memory may be stored in the form of arranged water molecules
arranged in a specific position
Entropy - Answers✔an increase in disorder over time
Who developed the Plate Tectonics Theory in the mid 1950s and late 1960s?? -
Answers✔Alfred Wagner
Who mapped the ocean floor in his submarine and discovered seafloor spreading?? -
Answers✔Harry Hess
Layers of Earth - Answers✔1) crust 2) mantle 3) liquid outer core 4) solid inner core
Why do the layers exist?? - Answers✔Consequence of density differentiation of the early Earth
(heavy stuff sank towards the center)
Lithosphere - Answers✔consists of the crust & rigid upper mantle
Asthenosphere - Answers✔soft fluid part of the mantle that deforms & flows
How many major plates are there?? - Answers✔12
How does heat travel?? - Answers✔3 ways: Conduction, Convection, & Radiation
Conduction - Answers✔transfer of energy through matter from particle to particle
