Psychology Exam 3 Practice Test Questions And Correct Detailed Verified Answers Guaranteed Pass.

One's knowledge and beliefs about oneself are called _________ while one's feelings about oneself is called the_________? - correct answer A self-concept and self esteem The independent construal of the self emphasizes all of the following aspects of the self: - correct answer Autonomy, uniqueness, and self-reliance (not interconnectedness) The process which people come to understand others is termed: - correct answer Social behavior Dispositional attributions refer mainly to: - correct answer the person's personality traits, needs, and intentions If you have a friend who tells you that he really likes you, but you also know that he tells almost everyone he meets the same thing, you will likely attribute his behavior as dispositional due to: - correct answer Distinctiveness In attributing the causes of a person's behavior, we consider ________; that is, the extent to which the behavior is common to other people in the same situation. - correct answer Consensus Which of the following is NOT a manifestation of the self serving biases that were discussed in the class: - correct answer Self verification (manifestations: counter defensive, self enhancement, self effacing) Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that determines whether self serving biases are utilized? - correct answer How attractive the dimension of the question is (determines: how public the manifestation of the question is, how schematic the dimension in question is, and how subjective the dimension in question is) Jonas and Helene both failed their psychology tests. Jonas states that he failed because he was too tired on the day of the exam. If he commits the fundamental attribution error he will probably think that Helene failed because: - correct answer She is not very intelligent Bill and Ben have an accident in which their cars collide. Bill blames the rainy weather for his skid. Ben blames Bill's bad driving skills for the accident and believes that his own driving was exemplary. In this case, Ben is displaying: - correct answer The actor-observer effect The tendency of a person to perceive that others are not as talented as they are is called: - correct answer False uniqueness effect A general rule that relies on information that is most readily at hand is called the ________ heuristic. - correct answer Availability Suppose that most of your friends do not drink alcoholic beverages. Suppose further that you are asked in a class to answer the following question: "What is the percentage of people who drink alcoholic beverages?" You reply with a low percentage. In this case you have made an error based on your use of the __________ heuristic. - correct answer Availability Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others? - correct answer Disposition Cognitive dissonance theory states that: - correct answer a dissonance reduction is motivated by an aversive state of tension Antonio is an environmentalist who works in a local logging mill. Although he feels that working at the mill is a contradiction, he says that it was the only job he could find, and now that he has gotten two raises, he is making more money there than he could if he were to find another job. In this example, Antonio: - correct answer Reduced dissonance by adding constant elements The theory that we come to understand our attitudes and emotions by observing our own behavior and the circumstances in which it occurs is called _______ theory. - correct answer Self-perception After Demetri first meets Ivana, the more he sees her, the more he likes her. This example reflects the: - correct answer Mere exposure effect Among the factors in interpersonal attraction, _______ refers to the fact that the more we see and interact with someone, the greater likelihood that we will be attracted to him or her. - correct answer Proximity In Milgram's classic study on obedience, the learners: - correct answer were paid actors In his studies of college students' perception of line length, Asch showed that: - correct answer The majority of the participants conformed with the confederates' responses At a party, James friends, who are under 21, are drinking alcohol and pressure him to join them. Although James is also underage and does not agree with underage drinking, he starts drinking as well. This is an example of: - correct answer Compliance The ability to control another person's behavior is termed: - correct answer Social Influence Accompanying physical attractiveness is the beautiful-person stereotype (halo effect); that is, the belief that attractive people: - correct answer Are also more intelligent, more socially skilled, and happier An error associated with stereotyping is that we tend to _______ the variability within a category and __________ the variability between categories: - correct answer underestimate; overestimate The over justification effect suggests that when ______ are increased __________ will be decreased. - correct answer extrinsic rewards; intrinsic motivation A motivation to take actions that lead to an external reward is called - correct answer Extrinsic motivation Emotions appear to serve useful functions in any culture because they: - correct answer Communicate to serve useful information to other members of that culture The theory that the experience of emotion is preceded by physiological arousal is called the __________ theory of emotion. - correct answer James-Lange The theory that the experience of emotion is preceded by physiological arousal which is then interpreted cognitively is called the ____________ theory of emotion. - correct answer Schachter-Singer or two factor According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, if you stumbled onto a snake on a hike in the mountains, you would: - correct answer experience the fear and react physiologically simultaneously Discrimination is to _____________ as feelings are to __________? - correct answer Behavior, prejudice Stereotypes can be described by all these adjectives EXCEPT: - correct answer Rehearsed (inaccurate, overused, useful) What is the name of the research paradigm that clearly illustrated the effects of social identity (group membership) on shaping how we differentially judge and treat people who belong to our own group and those belong to the outgroup? - correct answer the minimal intergroup paradigm Which of the following is a condition that any program aimed at reducing negative attitudes should be based upon: - correct answer intergroup contact must be supported by community norms, contact should occur at the individual level, and contact should be rewarding Which of the following combine to form the process of social cognition: - correct answer Attention, interpretation and judgement, memory Aggression can be expressed in two ways. Identify these two ways from the following options: - correct answer