PHIL 101: FINAL EXAM (JMU - YATES) EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED / VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE

Nietzsche is a ... - ANS Iconoclast iconoclast - ANS one who opposes established beliefs, customs, and institutions How does Nietzsche further skepticism? - ANS focused on our formation of concept and truth claims that go with them Nietzsche's key themes - ANS Intellectual pretense and drive, concepts as path of abstraction, concepts rooted in metaphors, illusion of being right via "cathedral of concepts" Who would agree that "We reason in language, language uses words. Words are basically metaphors"? - ANS Nietzsche Nietzsche believes truth claims are... - ANS Contingent According to Nietzsche, perception involves... - ANS The nervous system forms an image, then forms sound/word, to explain... "Cognition is never direct, it uses concepts" - ANS Nietzsche Who does Nietzsche hate? - ANS Plato Truth claims are... - ANS conceptual designations Rousseau's personal concern - ANS Inequality and government (how to balance individual freedoms within the good things in government) When Rousseau focuses on 'Nature as Basis for Morality', what is he NOT talking about? - ANS God and the principles of human reason When Rousseau focuses on 'Nature as Basis for Morality', what IS he talking about? - ANS Human nature as selfish in a good way, a naturally good kind of self interest Humanity's goal according to Rousseau - ANS To be a good person Rousseau says that in our human nature, three things intersect - ANS What we think, what we do, and how we act What does Rousseau say about how humans are shaped by society? - ANS We are born potentially good but society usually shapes us for the bad Does Rousseau think people can be inherently evil? - ANS No What comes first, natural feelings or acquired ideas? - ANS Natural feelings What are ideas? - ANS Reasoned principles; they build on feelings and then guide actions Who created the social contract? - ANS Rousseau The social contract - ANS A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules. The social contract is the convergence of what? (Moving from what to what) - ANS Individual liberty and general will; moving from natural order to social order "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains" - ANS Rousseau The puzzle of the social contract - ANS How to be free, moral individuals AND obey laws that guide us as people When Rousseau says we are forced to be fre