PHIL101 exam 3
2. Two have two irreducibly different properties. There are some properties held by
mental phenomena that cannot possibly be analyzed as material and vice versa. mind
stuff is indivisible, body is divisible. mind is private, body is public
What is the big problem with cartesian dualism? - ✔️✔️How can two completely
different kinds of things interact causally? does interaction require some point of
contact?
Where is the point of contact for mind and body according to descartes - ✔️✔️pineal
gland- doesn't do the job because the pineal gland is physical
Modern Philosophy's debate - ✔️✔️between rationalists and empiricists
Descartes is a.. - ✔️✔️rationalist
Descartes rationalism - ✔️✔️knowledge arises from within ones own mind, from
reason, not from sense or experience. Senses are changing and different for different
people.
Example of the wax
knowledge - ✔️✔️true justified belief, certainty, indubitably
What are the two ways to know? - ✔️✔️intuition- just "see" intellectively that something
is indubitably the case
deduction- move from indubitable premises through indubitable principles of reasoning
to indubitable conclusions
intuitions supplies the ... the deduction .... - ✔️✔️foundation of basic beliefs, constructs
the edifice
According to descartes, what can we know for certain? - ✔️✔️"I think therefore I am"
we can doubt math and logic- extreme view- evil genius messing with our minds that
gives us false certitude
Solipsism - ✔️✔️I can only prove that I exist
How do we "get the world back" - ✔️✔️God
How does descartes justify the existence of god? - ✔️✔️I have ideas my mind, I could
have made up most of these ideas. However I could not have made up the idea of God.
, Why not?
My idea of God is an idea of a perfect and unlimited being
as a limited being i couldn't have generated the idea out of myself
Couldn't he produce the idea just by negating his limitations? - ✔️✔️No, i could not
recognize i was limited if i didn't already have an idea of a perfect being, therefore there
is a god
How does god "get the world back"? - ✔️✔️god won't allow systematic deception. He
will allow the occasional mistake but not radical deception about almost everything.
How do we rule out the evil genius? - ✔️✔️Since there is a god we can trust what we
perceive clearly and distinctly because we can rule out the hypothesis of an evil genius
Problems with this theory? - ✔️✔️If we find any step to be open in serious doubt, then
the edifice collapses, there is no certain proof of God, is it beyond doubt that god
wouldn't allow systematic deception, he allows evil, could there be a situation that
systematic deception is a good thing?
Descartes 1596-1650 - ✔️✔️The father of modern philosophy (cartesian philosophy)
Epistemology - ✔️✔️study of human knowledge
What is the key difference between modern and medieval philosophy? - ✔️✔️medieval:
the point of doing philosophy is to lead the good and happy life, here and hereafter so
they take it as given that we know some things, then ask how it is that we are able to
know them
moderns: aim is to limit our beliefs to only those that are properly justified, not to hold
any false beliefs, how we know and what can we know.
Descartes Project - ✔️✔️antiskeptical, wants to put knowledge on a firm foundation
distinguish between knowledge and belief
justify beliefs
moral wrong with committing to beliefs that are not properly justified
Foundationalism - ✔️✔️descartes is foundationalism:
there are certain basic beliefs that are justified such that they do not require any further
justification.
all your justified beliefs are either basic, or else they can be justified by tracing their
justification back to the basic beliefs
If we doubted logic - ✔️✔️then you cannot offer any arguments, since arguments
assume the truth of logic
2. Two have two irreducibly different properties. There are some properties held by
mental phenomena that cannot possibly be analyzed as material and vice versa. mind
stuff is indivisible, body is divisible. mind is private, body is public
What is the big problem with cartesian dualism? - ✔️✔️How can two completely
different kinds of things interact causally? does interaction require some point of
contact?
Where is the point of contact for mind and body according to descartes - ✔️✔️pineal
gland- doesn't do the job because the pineal gland is physical
Modern Philosophy's debate - ✔️✔️between rationalists and empiricists
Descartes is a.. - ✔️✔️rationalist
Descartes rationalism - ✔️✔️knowledge arises from within ones own mind, from
reason, not from sense or experience. Senses are changing and different for different
people.
Example of the wax
knowledge - ✔️✔️true justified belief, certainty, indubitably
What are the two ways to know? - ✔️✔️intuition- just "see" intellectively that something
is indubitably the case
deduction- move from indubitable premises through indubitable principles of reasoning
to indubitable conclusions
intuitions supplies the ... the deduction .... - ✔️✔️foundation of basic beliefs, constructs
the edifice
According to descartes, what can we know for certain? - ✔️✔️"I think therefore I am"
we can doubt math and logic- extreme view- evil genius messing with our minds that
gives us false certitude
Solipsism - ✔️✔️I can only prove that I exist
How do we "get the world back" - ✔️✔️God
How does descartes justify the existence of god? - ✔️✔️I have ideas my mind, I could
have made up most of these ideas. However I could not have made up the idea of God.
, Why not?
My idea of God is an idea of a perfect and unlimited being
as a limited being i couldn't have generated the idea out of myself
Couldn't he produce the idea just by negating his limitations? - ✔️✔️No, i could not
recognize i was limited if i didn't already have an idea of a perfect being, therefore there
is a god
How does god "get the world back"? - ✔️✔️god won't allow systematic deception. He
will allow the occasional mistake but not radical deception about almost everything.
How do we rule out the evil genius? - ✔️✔️Since there is a god we can trust what we
perceive clearly and distinctly because we can rule out the hypothesis of an evil genius
Problems with this theory? - ✔️✔️If we find any step to be open in serious doubt, then
the edifice collapses, there is no certain proof of God, is it beyond doubt that god
wouldn't allow systematic deception, he allows evil, could there be a situation that
systematic deception is a good thing?
Descartes 1596-1650 - ✔️✔️The father of modern philosophy (cartesian philosophy)
Epistemology - ✔️✔️study of human knowledge
What is the key difference between modern and medieval philosophy? - ✔️✔️medieval:
the point of doing philosophy is to lead the good and happy life, here and hereafter so
they take it as given that we know some things, then ask how it is that we are able to
know them
moderns: aim is to limit our beliefs to only those that are properly justified, not to hold
any false beliefs, how we know and what can we know.
Descartes Project - ✔️✔️antiskeptical, wants to put knowledge on a firm foundation
distinguish between knowledge and belief
justify beliefs
moral wrong with committing to beliefs that are not properly justified
Foundationalism - ✔️✔️descartes is foundationalism:
there are certain basic beliefs that are justified such that they do not require any further
justification.
all your justified beliefs are either basic, or else they can be justified by tracing their
justification back to the basic beliefs
If we doubted logic - ✔️✔️then you cannot offer any arguments, since arguments
assume the truth of logic
