NP1 EXAM 1
1. What is a narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque?: atherosclerosis
2. What happens in atherosclerosis that restricts blood flow?: the walls thickenwith deposit, the
deposit calcifies and becomes brittle
3. What is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that caused obstructed air-flow from the
lungs?: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
4. COPD can cause due to overuse of accessory muscles: barrel chest
5. What is emphysema?: - enlargement of gas exchange airways & damage toalveolar walls
- this is due to the loss of elasticity
6. Constrictions and spasms of the air way is : asthma
7. What is atelectasis?: blockage or collapse of airwya passages in at least 1 lobeof the lung
8. what is DiapHRaGM: Signs of respiratory distressDiap - diaphoreses (sweating)
H - hypoxia (confusion, anxiety, and restlessness)R - respiratory rate (increased die to air
hunger) G - gasping
M - acessory muscles (use of nose, neck, and abdomen)
9. As ventilation decreases and the body retains CO2, this results in
: hypercapnia (excessive CO2 in blood)
10. As ventilation increases, excessive amounts of CO2 is eliminated resultingin :
hypoxemia (abnormally low concentration of O2 in blood)
11. what is Eupnea?: normal quiet breathing
12. What is cheyne - strokes respiration?: rhythmic respirations, going from verydeep to very
shallow or apneic periods
13. What is Kussmaul breathing?: rapid, deep, labored breathing
14. What is biot breathing?: respirations abnormally shallow for 2 or 3 breaths,followed by
irregular period of apnea
15. Explain the theory of Nature vs. Nurture: Nature = genetics determine behavior, ability
Nurture = environment determines behavior, ability
16. Explain the theory of Continuous vs. Discontinuous: Continuous = development occurs in
smooth gradual process
Discontinuous = development occurs in distinct & predictable stages
17. What age group does Erickson's Trust vs Mistrust stage fall in?: Birth - 18months
18. What are the characteristics for Erickson's trust vs. Mistrust Stage?: - looksto caregiver for
, stability
- security vs. suspicion & anxiety
19. What age group does Erickson's Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt stage fallin?: 18 months -
3 years
20. what are the characteristics for Erickson's Autonomy vs. Shame & DoubtStage?: -
personal control over physical skills; develops sense of independence
- independence & confidence vs. criticized & overly controlled
21. What age group does Erickson's Initiative vs. Guilt stage fall in?: 3 - 6 years
22. What are the characteristics for Erickson's Initiative vs. Guilt stage?: -interactions with
peers & "play"
- Secure, able to lead others vs. Guilt from criticisim & control from parents
23. What age group does Erickson's Industry vs. Inferiority stage fall in?: 5 -12 years
24. what is the failure to produce or excrete urine?: anuria
25. what is the term used for reduces urine volume?: oliguria
26. What is the term for an excess volume of urine (>2500 mL/day)?: polyuria
27. What is nocturia?: excess urination at night
28. Term for abnormal pressence of RBCs in the urine?: hematuria
29. What is stress incontience?: loss of urine control during activity
30. What is urge incontinence?: a sudden strong urge to void w/ rapid bladdercontractions
31. what is mixed inconintence?: a combination of both stress nad urge inconti-nence
32. what is functional incontinence?: lack of urine control in the absence of anabnormailty
33. What is overflow incontinence?: incomplete bladder emptying resulting inconstant
dribbling of urine
34. what is temporary incontinence?: incontinence caused by severe constipa-tion, infection,
or medicaiton
35. The inability to empty the bladder is?: urinary retension
36. When is voluntary urination control learned by?: 2-3 years
37. Why is enuresis common in children 5 and under?: due to increased urineproduction at
night, small bladder capacity, difficulty waking from sleep
38. What are some examples of why urination becomes difficult for older adults and why
they often start to wet themselve?: - decreased renal function
- prostate enlargement
1. What is a narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque?: atherosclerosis
2. What happens in atherosclerosis that restricts blood flow?: the walls thickenwith deposit, the
deposit calcifies and becomes brittle
3. What is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that caused obstructed air-flow from the
lungs?: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
4. COPD can cause due to overuse of accessory muscles: barrel chest
5. What is emphysema?: - enlargement of gas exchange airways & damage toalveolar walls
- this is due to the loss of elasticity
6. Constrictions and spasms of the air way is : asthma
7. What is atelectasis?: blockage or collapse of airwya passages in at least 1 lobeof the lung
8. what is DiapHRaGM: Signs of respiratory distressDiap - diaphoreses (sweating)
H - hypoxia (confusion, anxiety, and restlessness)R - respiratory rate (increased die to air
hunger) G - gasping
M - acessory muscles (use of nose, neck, and abdomen)
9. As ventilation decreases and the body retains CO2, this results in
: hypercapnia (excessive CO2 in blood)
10. As ventilation increases, excessive amounts of CO2 is eliminated resultingin :
hypoxemia (abnormally low concentration of O2 in blood)
11. what is Eupnea?: normal quiet breathing
12. What is cheyne - strokes respiration?: rhythmic respirations, going from verydeep to very
shallow or apneic periods
13. What is Kussmaul breathing?: rapid, deep, labored breathing
14. What is biot breathing?: respirations abnormally shallow for 2 or 3 breaths,followed by
irregular period of apnea
15. Explain the theory of Nature vs. Nurture: Nature = genetics determine behavior, ability
Nurture = environment determines behavior, ability
16. Explain the theory of Continuous vs. Discontinuous: Continuous = development occurs in
smooth gradual process
Discontinuous = development occurs in distinct & predictable stages
17. What age group does Erickson's Trust vs Mistrust stage fall in?: Birth - 18months
18. What are the characteristics for Erickson's trust vs. Mistrust Stage?: - looksto caregiver for
, stability
- security vs. suspicion & anxiety
19. What age group does Erickson's Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt stage fallin?: 18 months -
3 years
20. what are the characteristics for Erickson's Autonomy vs. Shame & DoubtStage?: -
personal control over physical skills; develops sense of independence
- independence & confidence vs. criticized & overly controlled
21. What age group does Erickson's Initiative vs. Guilt stage fall in?: 3 - 6 years
22. What are the characteristics for Erickson's Initiative vs. Guilt stage?: -interactions with
peers & "play"
- Secure, able to lead others vs. Guilt from criticisim & control from parents
23. What age group does Erickson's Industry vs. Inferiority stage fall in?: 5 -12 years
24. what is the failure to produce or excrete urine?: anuria
25. what is the term used for reduces urine volume?: oliguria
26. What is the term for an excess volume of urine (>2500 mL/day)?: polyuria
27. What is nocturia?: excess urination at night
28. Term for abnormal pressence of RBCs in the urine?: hematuria
29. What is stress incontience?: loss of urine control during activity
30. What is urge incontinence?: a sudden strong urge to void w/ rapid bladdercontractions
31. what is mixed inconintence?: a combination of both stress nad urge inconti-nence
32. what is functional incontinence?: lack of urine control in the absence of anabnormailty
33. What is overflow incontinence?: incomplete bladder emptying resulting inconstant
dribbling of urine
34. what is temporary incontinence?: incontinence caused by severe constipa-tion, infection,
or medicaiton
35. The inability to empty the bladder is?: urinary retension
36. When is voluntary urination control learned by?: 2-3 years
37. Why is enuresis common in children 5 and under?: due to increased urineproduction at
night, small bladder capacity, difficulty waking from sleep
38. What are some examples of why urination becomes difficult for older adults and why
they often start to wet themselve?: - decreased renal function
- prostate enlargement
