BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM/PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED
EXAM LATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Discuss the principles of taxonomy and the classification of species - ANSWER--The identification,
naming and classification or organisms
- Species are assigned to a family, order, class, phylum, kingdom and domain based on their structural
similarities to species
Discuss Viruses - ANSWER-Tiny non cellular organic systems that have some properties of living things,
but are not classified as living organisms
- Tend to enter plants through damaged tissues and in animals invade Eukaryota cells
Ex: measles, chicken pox, common cold
Discuss Prokaytoes - ANSWER-Sorted into 2 domains: bacteria and archaea
Bacteria:
photoautotrophs: capable of oxygen-based photosynthesis
Chemoheterotrophs: Obtain their nutrition from other organisms
Arechae: Consists of ancient prokaryotes taht are adapted to extreme habitats
- Thrive in oxygen-free environments such as sewage swamps and animal guts
How does bacteria reproduce? - ANSWER-may reproduce by 3 means of genetic recombination::
Conjugation: occurs in closely related species, DNA is passed from a donor cell to a recipient cell through
tiny tubes
Transformation: Fragments of DNA are picked up from surrounding living or dead bacteria transduction:
Baceriophaes carry portions of bacterial DNA from one cell to another
Discuss protists - ANSWER-Include all the eukaryuotic unicellular organisms that may resemble either
animals or plants
,3 groups:
Algae: plantlike protists which are generally photosynthetic Protozoans: Categorized by
types of locomtion they employ slime and water molds: feed on dead plant matter and
assist with the cycling of nutrients
Define the types of locomotion - ANSWER-Ciliates: hairlike cilia for swimming about to capture food
Amoeboids: use false feet for moving around and capturing prey
Radiolarians: marine amoeboids that form calcium carbonate shells
Zooflagellates: move about by means of long slender extensions called flagella Sporzoans:
Aren't mobile or capable of self propulsion
What are nonvacular plants? - ANSWER-Plants that are well adapted for growth in moist habitats
- Have no vascular tissues, instead they have threadlike structures for absorbing water and solutes
What are seedless vascular plants? - ANSWER-Plants that contain vacular tissue but do not produce
flowers or seeds
What are seed-bearing vacular plants? - ANSWER-They produce seeds that encase their embryonic
sporophyte inside a protective coat
What is pollination? - ANSWER-male gametophyte pollen grain lands on a female gametophjyte and
they form a pollen tube that carries a sperm cell to fertilize an egg within an ovule
What are angiosperms? - ANSWER-Flowering plants in which the seed in enclosed within a fruit wall
What is fungi? - ANSWER-Non-green, heterotrophic organisms that grow in dark, moist habitats
- Do not have chloroplasts, can't photosynthesis, are multi cellular eukaryotes and more closely related
to animals rather than plants Ex: Mushrooms, molds, yeast
Parts:
,Mycelium: vegetable part that consists of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae)
Hyphae: Create an expanded surface area, allowing them greater efficient in extracting water and
nutrients form soils
What are invertebrates? - ANSWER-Lack an internal skeleton
- evolved first and outnumber vertebrates
What are protostomes? - ANSWER-Characterized by spiral cell division when the embryo first forms
and a Elastoplast becomes the mouth
- Mouth is the first opening (proto, before)
- Ex: flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, arthropods
What are deuterostomes? - ANSWER-Characterized by radial cell division when he embryo first forms
and a blastoplore becomes the anus
- Second opening (deutero, second)
- Ex: echinoderms, chordates
Describe the evolution of chrodates: - ANSWER-The earliest chordates were all marine animals. As
chordates continued to evolve, they spread to freshwater habitats and to land. The amphibians
represent an intermediate phase in the water to the land transition of chordates. The evolution of birds
further increases the disturbed of chordates by expanding their populations into sky habitats.
Explain the imporatint classifications of primates: - ANSWER-Prosimians- lemurs and tarsiers
Anthropoids- monkeys, apes and humans
Hominids- apes, chimpanzees and humans
Hominins- humans
Explain the innovations that lead to the evolution of hominins - ANSWER-Bipedal: had a small brain
but walked upright on 2 legs
Tool Use Is certain to have made tools and may have been the first to exhibit culture
, Increased brain size: Double the brain size and may have been the first to control fire and use more
complex tools
What is the epidermis? - ANSWER-Outside of a plant that is made up of a single layer of cells
- Cells exposed to air are covered with a waxy cuticle which restricts water loss
What is ground tissue? - ANSWER-Make up the bulk of the plant body- includes 3 types of simple
tissue:
Parenchyma cells: have thin walls and are active in photosynthesis and storage
Collenchyma cells: provide support for primary tissues
Sclerenchyma cells: Fibrous cells that give stalks their gravity-resisting strength
What is vascular tissue? - ANSWER-Composed of 2 types of tissues
Xylem: conducts water and dissolved minerals through the plant body
Phloem: Conducts sugars and other solutes throughout the plant
Explain how water is transported through plants - ANSWER-Cohesion-tension model: Water and
minerals in solute are taken up in root hairs and then transported upward in xylem
Transpiration: as dry air crosses a lear surface when stomata are open, water in the plant evaporates in
the air
Explain the different plant responses - ANSWER-Phototropism: causes plants to turn toward light
Gravitropsim: causes plant stems to curve away from gravity
Explain the different plant hormones: - ANSWER-Chemical signals that cause responses within plant
cells and tissues
Auxin's: soften cell walls to allow growth
Gibberellins: promote stem elongation and break seed dormancy
Cytokinins: promote cell division, prevent age of leaves
ACTUAL EXAM/PENN FOSTER BIOLOGY PROCTORED
EXAM LATEST 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS(VERIFIED ANSWERS)|AGRADE
Discuss the principles of taxonomy and the classification of species - ANSWER--The identification,
naming and classification or organisms
- Species are assigned to a family, order, class, phylum, kingdom and domain based on their structural
similarities to species
Discuss Viruses - ANSWER-Tiny non cellular organic systems that have some properties of living things,
but are not classified as living organisms
- Tend to enter plants through damaged tissues and in animals invade Eukaryota cells
Ex: measles, chicken pox, common cold
Discuss Prokaytoes - ANSWER-Sorted into 2 domains: bacteria and archaea
Bacteria:
photoautotrophs: capable of oxygen-based photosynthesis
Chemoheterotrophs: Obtain their nutrition from other organisms
Arechae: Consists of ancient prokaryotes taht are adapted to extreme habitats
- Thrive in oxygen-free environments such as sewage swamps and animal guts
How does bacteria reproduce? - ANSWER-may reproduce by 3 means of genetic recombination::
Conjugation: occurs in closely related species, DNA is passed from a donor cell to a recipient cell through
tiny tubes
Transformation: Fragments of DNA are picked up from surrounding living or dead bacteria transduction:
Baceriophaes carry portions of bacterial DNA from one cell to another
Discuss protists - ANSWER-Include all the eukaryuotic unicellular organisms that may resemble either
animals or plants
,3 groups:
Algae: plantlike protists which are generally photosynthetic Protozoans: Categorized by
types of locomtion they employ slime and water molds: feed on dead plant matter and
assist with the cycling of nutrients
Define the types of locomotion - ANSWER-Ciliates: hairlike cilia for swimming about to capture food
Amoeboids: use false feet for moving around and capturing prey
Radiolarians: marine amoeboids that form calcium carbonate shells
Zooflagellates: move about by means of long slender extensions called flagella Sporzoans:
Aren't mobile or capable of self propulsion
What are nonvacular plants? - ANSWER-Plants that are well adapted for growth in moist habitats
- Have no vascular tissues, instead they have threadlike structures for absorbing water and solutes
What are seedless vascular plants? - ANSWER-Plants that contain vacular tissue but do not produce
flowers or seeds
What are seed-bearing vacular plants? - ANSWER-They produce seeds that encase their embryonic
sporophyte inside a protective coat
What is pollination? - ANSWER-male gametophyte pollen grain lands on a female gametophjyte and
they form a pollen tube that carries a sperm cell to fertilize an egg within an ovule
What are angiosperms? - ANSWER-Flowering plants in which the seed in enclosed within a fruit wall
What is fungi? - ANSWER-Non-green, heterotrophic organisms that grow in dark, moist habitats
- Do not have chloroplasts, can't photosynthesis, are multi cellular eukaryotes and more closely related
to animals rather than plants Ex: Mushrooms, molds, yeast
Parts:
,Mycelium: vegetable part that consists of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae)
Hyphae: Create an expanded surface area, allowing them greater efficient in extracting water and
nutrients form soils
What are invertebrates? - ANSWER-Lack an internal skeleton
- evolved first and outnumber vertebrates
What are protostomes? - ANSWER-Characterized by spiral cell division when the embryo first forms
and a Elastoplast becomes the mouth
- Mouth is the first opening (proto, before)
- Ex: flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, arthropods
What are deuterostomes? - ANSWER-Characterized by radial cell division when he embryo first forms
and a blastoplore becomes the anus
- Second opening (deutero, second)
- Ex: echinoderms, chordates
Describe the evolution of chrodates: - ANSWER-The earliest chordates were all marine animals. As
chordates continued to evolve, they spread to freshwater habitats and to land. The amphibians
represent an intermediate phase in the water to the land transition of chordates. The evolution of birds
further increases the disturbed of chordates by expanding their populations into sky habitats.
Explain the imporatint classifications of primates: - ANSWER-Prosimians- lemurs and tarsiers
Anthropoids- monkeys, apes and humans
Hominids- apes, chimpanzees and humans
Hominins- humans
Explain the innovations that lead to the evolution of hominins - ANSWER-Bipedal: had a small brain
but walked upright on 2 legs
Tool Use Is certain to have made tools and may have been the first to exhibit culture
, Increased brain size: Double the brain size and may have been the first to control fire and use more
complex tools
What is the epidermis? - ANSWER-Outside of a plant that is made up of a single layer of cells
- Cells exposed to air are covered with a waxy cuticle which restricts water loss
What is ground tissue? - ANSWER-Make up the bulk of the plant body- includes 3 types of simple
tissue:
Parenchyma cells: have thin walls and are active in photosynthesis and storage
Collenchyma cells: provide support for primary tissues
Sclerenchyma cells: Fibrous cells that give stalks their gravity-resisting strength
What is vascular tissue? - ANSWER-Composed of 2 types of tissues
Xylem: conducts water and dissolved minerals through the plant body
Phloem: Conducts sugars and other solutes throughout the plant
Explain how water is transported through plants - ANSWER-Cohesion-tension model: Water and
minerals in solute are taken up in root hairs and then transported upward in xylem
Transpiration: as dry air crosses a lear surface when stomata are open, water in the plant evaporates in
the air
Explain the different plant responses - ANSWER-Phototropism: causes plants to turn toward light
Gravitropsim: causes plant stems to curve away from gravity
Explain the different plant hormones: - ANSWER-Chemical signals that cause responses within plant
cells and tissues
Auxin's: soften cell walls to allow growth
Gibberellins: promote stem elongation and break seed dormancy
Cytokinins: promote cell division, prevent age of leaves
