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Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations
3i 3i 3i 3i
Salvo: Massage Therapy, 7th Edition
3i 3i 3i 3i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 3i
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction fo
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
r therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Acupunctur
3i3i3 i
e
b. Ayurved3i3i3 i
a
c. Polarity therap
3i3i3 i 3i
y
d. Massage therap
3i3i3 i 3i
y
ANS: 3i3 i
D
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Mashes 3i3i3 i
h
b. Masso 3i3i3i 3i
c. Masser 3i3i3i 3i
d. Makeh 3i3i3 i
ANS: 3i3 i
B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. 1600s 3i3i3i 3i
b. 1700s 3i3i3i 3
c. 1800s
i 3i3i3i 3
d. 1900
i 3i3i3 i
s
ANS: 3i3 i
C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
simply rubbing. 3i
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Indi 3i3i3 i
a
b. 3i3i3 i China 3i
c. 3i3i3 i Egypt 3i
d. 3i3i3 i Greec
e
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ANS: 3i3 i
B
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Tao Te Chin
3i3i3 i 3i 3i
g
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b. 3i3i3 i Nei Ching 3i
c. 3i3i3 i Ayur-Veda
d. 3i3i3 i Corpus Hippocraticum 3i
ANS: B 3i3 i
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yell
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
ow Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese med
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
icine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work con
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
tains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energeti
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
c therapies?
3i
a. Polarity
3i3i3 i
b. Shiatsu
3i3i3 i
c. Acupuncture
3i3i3 i
d. Amma
3i3i3 i
ANS: D 3i3 i
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
therapies, manual and energetic.
3i 3i 3i 3i
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Ayurveda
3i3i3 i
b. Shiatsu3i3i3i 3i
c. Amma 3i3i3 i 3i
d. Polarit3i3i3 i
y
ANS: A 3i3 i
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
Ayur-
3i
Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable healin
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
g procedure.
3i
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressur
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
e of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Ayurveda
3i3i3 i
b. Shiatsu
3i3i3 i
c. Massage
3i3i3 i
d. Amma
3i3i3 i
ANS: B 3i3 i
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as a
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
cupuncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shi
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
atsu therapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and fe
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
et.
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Galen 3i3i3 i 3i
b. Celsus 3i3i3i 3i
c. Rhaze 3i3i3 i
s
d. 3i3i3 i Hippocrates
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, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: D 3i3 i
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ His works are collectively
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to pati
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
ents.
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in bot
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
h the East and the West?
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Rhazes 3i3i3 i
b. Celsus 3i3i3 i
c. Avicenna
3i3i3 i
d. Hippocrates
3i3i3 i
ANS: C 3i3 i
A text entitled
3i 3i 3i3i
or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avic
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
enna (980- 3i
1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in t
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
he history of medicine in both the East and the West.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Paré 3i3i3 i
b. Harvey 3i3i3 i
c. Galen 3i3i3 i
d. Mezger 3i3i3 i
ANS: A 3i3 i
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Ambroise Paré (1515- 3i 3i
1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest individuals in this era
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
to discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat dislocated joints and ot
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
her orthopedic conditions.
3i 3i
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscula
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
r contraction of the heart?
3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Paré 3i3i3 i
b. Galen 3i3i3 i
c. Harvey 3i3i3 i
d. Mezger 3i3i3 i
ANS: C 3i3 i
English scientist William Harvey (1578–
3i 3i 3i 3i
1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. Harvey observed the hearts of living ani
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
mals and determined that muscular contraction
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
massage as a therapeutic measure.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Johann Mezger 3i3i3 i 3i
b. Pehr H. Ling 3i3i3 i 3i 3i
c. George Henry Taylor
3i3i3 i 3i 3i
d. John Harvey Kellogg
3i3i3 i 3i 3i
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Chapter 01: History of Massage: Prehistoric Times to the Modern Era, and
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
Professional Societies, Organizations, and Associations
3i 3i 3i 3i
Salvo: Massage Therapy, 7th Edition
3i 3i 3i 3i
MULTIPLE CHOICE 3i
1. Which method is defined as manual manipulation of soft tissue using pressure and traction fo
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
r therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes?
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Acupunctur
3i3i3 i
e
b. Ayurved3i3i3 i
a
c. Polarity therap
3i3i3 i 3i
y
d. Massage therap
3i3i3 i 3i
y
ANS: 3i3 i
D
Massage therapy is as a method of manipulating soft tissue using pressure and traction for
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
therapeutic, palliative, and recreational purposes.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
2. Which origin for the word massage is Greek?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Mashes 3i3i3 i
h
b. Masso 3i3i3i 3i
c. Masser 3i3i3i 3i
d. Makeh 3i3i3 i
ANS: 3i3 i
B
The origin of the word massage is unclear, but can be traced to numerous sources: the Hebrew
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
mashesh, the Greek masso and massin, the Latin massa, the Arabic mass’h, the Sanskrit
makeh, and the French masTsE
erS. TBANKSELLER.COM
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
3. When is the earliest the term massage was used by most European-based cultures?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. 1600s 3i3i3i 3i
b. 1700s 3i3i3i 3
c. 1800s
i 3i3i3i 3
d. 1900
i 3i3i3 i
s
ANS: 3i3 i
C
By the early 1800s, the term massage was used by most European-
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
based cultures. Historically, massage was referred to by its techniques such as friction or
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
simply rubbing. 3i
4. The first written records of massage date back to 3000 BC in which country?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Indi 3i3i3 i
a
b. 3i3i3 i China 3i
c. 3i3i3 i Egypt 3i
d. 3i3i3 i Greec
e
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, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: 3i3 i
B
Early records have revealed that the practice of massage goes back to China, as early as 3000
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
BC. Acupuncture was not mentioned in Chinese writings until 90 BC.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
5. Which work is commonly referred to as the classic scripture of traditional Chinese medicine?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Tao Te Chin
3i3i3 i 3i 3i
g
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
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b. 3i3i3 i Nei Ching 3i
c. 3i3i3 i Ayur-Veda
d. 3i3i3 i Corpus Hippocraticum 3i
ANS: B 3i3 i
At the time of Hwang Ti, various ideas and beliefs were compiled under the name of the Yell
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
ow Emperor (died in 2599 BC) which became the classic scripture of traditional Chinese med
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
icine known as the Nei Chang. The Nei Chang was written about 2760 BC, and this work con
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
tains detailed descriptions of massage procedures as well as herbal medicines.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
6. What is the original massage technique in China and the precursor to manual and energeti
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
c therapies?
3i
a. Polarity
3i3i3 i
b. Shiatsu
3i3i3 i
c. Acupuncture
3i3i3 i
d. Amma
3i3i3 i
ANS: D 3i3 i
Amma is regarded as the original massage technique and precursor to all other Chinese
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
therapies, manual and energetic.
3i 3i 3i 3i
7. Which healing method is based on Hindu tradition?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Ayurveda
3i3i3 i
b. Shiatsu3i3i3i 3i
c. Amma 3i3i3 i 3i
d. Polarit3i3i3 i
y
ANS: A 3i3 i
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Knowledge of amma massage traveled to the subcontinent of India from China and massage
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
became part of Hindu tradition. Massage is described in India’s first great medical works, the
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
Ayur-
3i
Veda books of wisdom (about 1800 BC) and recommend it as an almost indispensable healin
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
g procedure.
3i
8. Which method is Japanese but based on Chinese medicine concepts, and uses applied pressur
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
e of the thumbs, elbows, and other parts of the body?
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Ayurveda
3i3i3 i
b. Shiatsu
3i3i3 i
c. Massage
3i3i3 i
d. Amma
3i3i3 i
ANS: B 3i3 i
Shiatsu is a Japanese method based on the same traditional Chinese medicine concepts as a
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
cupuncture. Acupuncturists use needles at specific points to balance the flow of energy; shi
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
atsu therapists use their fingers, thumbs, forearms, and elbows, and even their knees and fe
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
et.
9. Who is generally recognized as the father of modern Western medicine?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Galen 3i3i3 i 3i
b. Celsus 3i3i3i 3i
c. Rhaze 3i3i3 i
s
d. 3i3i3 i Hippocrates
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
, TESTBANKSELLER.COM
ANS: D 3i3 i
Hippocrates was known to be a fine clinician, founder of a medical school, author of
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
numerous books, and advocated the use of massage or ―rubbing.‖ His works are collectively
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
known as the Corpus Hippocraticum, and summarized much of what was known about
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
disease and medicine in the ancient world. Hippocrates is generally recognized as the father of
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
modern Western medicine, and he believed that physicians should avoid causing harm to pati
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
ents.
10. Who wrote the Canon of Medicine, the most famous book in the history of medicine in bot
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
h the East and the West?
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Rhazes 3i3i3 i
b. Celsus 3i3i3 i
c. Avicenna
3i3i3 i
d. Hippocrates
3i3i3 i
ANS: C 3i3 i
A text entitled
3i 3i 3i3i
or Canon of Medicine was written by one of the greatest Persian physicians of his era, Avic
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
enna (980- 3i
1037). He was also known as Ibn Sina. The Canon of Medicine is the most famous book in t
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
he history of medicine in both the East and the West.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
11. Which individual discussed the effects of massage and used friction on joints in the 1500s?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Paré 3i3i3 i
b. Harvey 3i3i3 i
c. Galen 3i3i3 i
d. Mezger 3i3i3 i
ANS: A 3i3 i
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
Ambroise Paré (1515- 3i 3i
1590) was a famous French surgeon who was among the earliest individuals in this era
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
to discuss the effects of massage. He also used friction to treat dislocated joints and ot
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
her orthopedic conditions.
3i 3i
12. Who was the first known scientist to demonstrate that blood circulation due to muscula
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
r contraction of the heart?
3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Paré 3i3i3 i
b. Galen 3i3i3 i
c. Harvey 3i3i3 i
d. Mezger 3i3i3 i
ANS: C 3i3 i
English scientist William Harvey (1578–
3i 3i 3i 3i
1657) discovered the circulation of blood in 1628. Harvey observed the hearts of living ani
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
mals and determined that muscular contraction
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
(systole) pumped blood through arteries and veins. This discovery enhanced the acceptance of
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
massage as a therapeutic measure.
3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
13. Who developed the Swedish Movement Cure, which included the use of massage?
3i3i3 i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i 3i
a. Johann Mezger 3i3i3 i 3i
b. Pehr H. Ling 3i3i3 i 3i 3i
c. George Henry Taylor
3i3i3 i 3i 3i
d. John Harvey Kellogg
3i3i3 i 3i 3i
TESTBANKSELLER.COM
