Optometry Test Questions with Complete Answers Latest Update 2024 (Rated A+)

Optometry Test Questions with Complete Answers Latest Update 2024 (Rated A+) Light is bent (refracted) primarily by the ______________ - Answers Cornea Light is bent (refracted) secondarily by the _______ - Answers Lens Light is focused onto the __________ which contains specialized neural cells called photoreceptors to process light and change it into a chemical signal which is transmitted through the visual pathway. - Answers Retina Majority of the light is focused onto the ___________ - clearest portion of vision. - Answers Macula Chemical signal exits the eye via the ___________________. - Answers Optic Nerve (CN II) Which lobe is involved in visual processing?? - Answers The Occipital Lobe The ability to clearly see an image at near involves a process known as ____________________ which is controlled by CN III (Oculomotor Nerve). - Answers Accomodation Testing Visual Acuity: Distance _________ ft vs. Near ________ cm - Answers Distance - 20 ft Near - 40 cm Equipment used to cover the eye - Answers Occluder Snellen Fraction 20/20 - Answers Test Distance/Letter Size: document the smallest row of letters on the visual acuity chart where the patient was able to correctly identify half or more of the letters ______________ condition in which the image is not clear - Answers Refractive Error Hyperopia - Answers Farsightedness (Distance can be seen clearly, but close ones do not come into proper focus). Some people may not notice any problems with their vision, especially when they are young. With significant hyperopia - vision can be blurry for objects at any distance, near or far. Myopoia - Answers Nearsightedness, Most Common refractive error of the eye, cornea is too curved for the length of the eyeball (see close objects clearly, but can not focus on objects further away). Light comes to focus in front of the retina instead of on the retina. Astigmatism - Answers Irregularly shaped eyeball leading to improper focus of objects. Does not focus light evenly onto the retina - images appear blurry and stretched out. Presbyopia - Answers Age-related condition in which the ability to focus up close becomes more difficult. As the eye ages, the lens can no longer change shape enough to allow the eye to focus close objects clearly. Legal Blindness - Answers Visual acuity worse than 20/200 in the better seeing, corrected eye. Driving in AZ - Answers Visual acuity must be better than 20/40 in the better seeing, correct eye to obtain a driver's license with no restrictions. Daytime Restrictions - Answers Visual acuity must be at least 20/60 in better seeing, corrected eye to obtain a drives license with daytime restrictions. Depth perception utilizes one eye or two? - Answers Two - two images must be focused on the respective maculas and must be processed together in the occipital cortex. Strabismus - Answers Two eyes do not work together to point at a target simultaneous. Eye condition from a lack of coordination of the eye muscles which prevents the two eyes from focusing at the same point in space. EXOtropia - Answers Form of Strabismus in which one eye turns outward. ESOtropia - Answers Form of Strabismus in which one eye turns inward. Test for Eye Alignment is the _________________ - Answers Cover/Uncover test: Have pt look at a target and observe if both eyes appear aligned. Cover one eye, as the eye is covered, the clinician should watch the uncovered eye to see if the eye makes any 'correcting motion' - if so = strabismus. Cranial Nerves of the Eye - Answers Muscles, Pupils, Corneal Reflex Visual Pathway Anatomy - Answers Visual Field List the Six Pairs of Extraocular Muscles - Answers 1. Medial Rectus 2. Lateral Rectus 3. Superior Rectus 4. Inferior Rectus 5. Superior Oblique 6. Inferior Oblique List the 4 Oculomotor Cranial Nerves of the EOMs - Answers Oculomotor (CN III) -Medial Rectus -Inferior Rectus -Superior Rectus -Inferior Oblique List the Trochlear Cranial Nerve of the EOMs - Answers Trochlear (CN IV) -Superior Oblique List the Abducens Cranial Nerve of the EOMs - Answers Abducens (CN VI) -Lateral Rectus Test for extraocular muscle in both eyes! - Answers Diagnostic H pattern for both eyes. Move the target into 9 positions of gaze. Doctor should be 30-40 cm directly in front of the patient. If a patient reports DIPLOPIA (double vision) or PAIN - this should be followed up with a referral. Pupil - Answers Variable sized black circular opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye. Miosis - Answers Excessive constriction of the pupil of the eye. Mydriasis - Answers Dilation of the pupil of the eye. The Pupil Response - Answers Due to the anatomy of the visual pathway, when a sensory stimulus is presented in one eye - there will be motor output of both eyes. Direct Response - Answers Monitoring the pupil response (constriction) of the eye that is being directly stimulated (light in the eye) by the sensory input. Consensual Response - Answers Monitoring the pupil response of the eye that is not being stimulated by the sensory input. Decussation of the Eye - Answers Crossing in the shape of an X connecting corresponding parts of the brain. Swinging Flashlight Test - Answers Compares the afferent system of the right eye vs. the left eye. Check pupillary response in a dim room checking each eye for 2-3 seconds 1-2 inches away from the eye. If one pupil dilates and remains dilated, there is a Relative Afferent Defect. PERRL - APD - Answers Pupils Equal, Round, React to Light, No Afferent Pupillary Defect Anisocoria - Answers Unequal pupil sizes with varied causes ranging from benign to life threatening (found in less than 4% of the population 1mm). Estimated 20-40% population have a physiologic (benign) difference of 1 mm between the right and left pupil. Adie's Tonic Pupil - Answers Tonic pupil will not constrict in light due to damage of the ciliary