K
C
LO
PATH MIDTERM 2 EXAM
YC
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
D
DETAILED / VERIFIED
U
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
ST
,Pain - ANS "unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage or described in terms of such damage"
Pain perception - ANS conscious awareness of a painful sensation
Pain tolerance - ANS the duration of time or the intensity of pain an individual will endure
before displaying noticeable pain responses (maximum amount of pain)
Pain threshold - ANS minimum point at which something, such as pressure or heat, causes
you pain.
K
Nociceptive pain - ANS caused by tissue injury, well-localized and often described as aching or
throbbing
C
Pain tolerance decreased - ANS repeated exposure, also decreased by fatigue, anger,
boredom, apprehension and sleep deprivation
LO
Pain tolerance increased by - ANS alcohol consumption, persistent use of analgesia, hypnosis,
warmth, distraction and strong beliefs or faith
Neuromodulation - ANS physiologic process to facilitate or suppress pain
YC
Acute pain - ANS a protective mechanism (its function is to alert the person to a condition or
experience that is harmful)
Chronic pain - ANS pain that has been present for at least 3 months or longer than the time
expected tissue healing
D
Acute somatic pain - ANS arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone, & tissue
U
Acute Visceral pain - ANS pain arises from the internal organs & lining of body cavities. Pain is
poorly localized as a result of the fewer number of nociceptors
ST
Depression - ANS common for chronic pain
Specific or nonspecific back pain - ANS many individuals of all ages have chronic back pain
Myofascial pain syndrome - ANS injury to the muscle & fascia & tendons has occurred (ex.
spasm, tenderness, stiffness)
Chronic postoperative pain - ANS changes in the PNS & CNS contribute to allodynia &
hypersensitivity
Cancer pain - ANS pain results from the treatment for cancer or from the cancer itself.
, Phantom limb chronic pain - ANS pain is felt in an amputated limb after the stump has
completely healed
Neuralgia - ANS chronic nerve pain
Peripheral neuropathic pain - ANS injured nerves become hyperexcitable
Central neuropathic pain - ANS is caused by a lesion or dysfunction in the brain or spinal cord
K
Temperature regulation - ANS achieved by balancing (heat production, heat conservation, and
heat loss)
C
Hypothalamic Control - ANS peripheral thermoreceptors in the skin
Hypothalamus - ANS receives information
LO
Heat production - ANS chemical reactions of metabolism, skeletal contraction, and chemical
thermogenesis
Mechanisms of Heat loss - ANS radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation, increased
YC
respiration, vasodilation, decreased muscle tone, voluntary measure, adaptation to warm
environment
Convection - ANS when a stream of air (wind) is cooler than body surface temp
Aging and temp - ANS decreased vasoconstrictor response, decreased or absent sweating,
D
dyschronization or circadian rhythm, under nutrition, decreased perception of heat and cold
Fever - ANS "a temporary resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher level in
U
response to endogenous or exogenous pyrogens"
Benefits of fever - ANS helps the response to infectious processes, it helps kill
ST
microorganisms, adversely affects the growth & replication of other microorganisms, decrease
serum levels or iron, zinc, & copper
Heat cramps - ANS severe spasmodic cramps in the abdomen & extremities that occur after
prolonged sweating resulting in sodium lost (fever, tachycardia & increased bp often occur)
Heat exhaustion - ANS leading to profound vasodilation & sweating --> leads to dehydration
(feel weak, dizzy, nauseated, & faint)
Heat stroke - ANS the potentially lethal, the cardiovascular & thermoregulatory centers
eventually stop functioning properly
C
LO
PATH MIDTERM 2 EXAM
YC
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
D
DETAILED / VERIFIED
U
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
ST
,Pain - ANS "unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential
tissue damage or described in terms of such damage"
Pain perception - ANS conscious awareness of a painful sensation
Pain tolerance - ANS the duration of time or the intensity of pain an individual will endure
before displaying noticeable pain responses (maximum amount of pain)
Pain threshold - ANS minimum point at which something, such as pressure or heat, causes
you pain.
K
Nociceptive pain - ANS caused by tissue injury, well-localized and often described as aching or
throbbing
C
Pain tolerance decreased - ANS repeated exposure, also decreased by fatigue, anger,
boredom, apprehension and sleep deprivation
LO
Pain tolerance increased by - ANS alcohol consumption, persistent use of analgesia, hypnosis,
warmth, distraction and strong beliefs or faith
Neuromodulation - ANS physiologic process to facilitate or suppress pain
YC
Acute pain - ANS a protective mechanism (its function is to alert the person to a condition or
experience that is harmful)
Chronic pain - ANS pain that has been present for at least 3 months or longer than the time
expected tissue healing
D
Acute somatic pain - ANS arises from connective tissue, muscle, bone, & tissue
U
Acute Visceral pain - ANS pain arises from the internal organs & lining of body cavities. Pain is
poorly localized as a result of the fewer number of nociceptors
ST
Depression - ANS common for chronic pain
Specific or nonspecific back pain - ANS many individuals of all ages have chronic back pain
Myofascial pain syndrome - ANS injury to the muscle & fascia & tendons has occurred (ex.
spasm, tenderness, stiffness)
Chronic postoperative pain - ANS changes in the PNS & CNS contribute to allodynia &
hypersensitivity
Cancer pain - ANS pain results from the treatment for cancer or from the cancer itself.
, Phantom limb chronic pain - ANS pain is felt in an amputated limb after the stump has
completely healed
Neuralgia - ANS chronic nerve pain
Peripheral neuropathic pain - ANS injured nerves become hyperexcitable
Central neuropathic pain - ANS is caused by a lesion or dysfunction in the brain or spinal cord
K
Temperature regulation - ANS achieved by balancing (heat production, heat conservation, and
heat loss)
C
Hypothalamic Control - ANS peripheral thermoreceptors in the skin
Hypothalamus - ANS receives information
LO
Heat production - ANS chemical reactions of metabolism, skeletal contraction, and chemical
thermogenesis
Mechanisms of Heat loss - ANS radiation, conduction, convection, evaporation, increased
YC
respiration, vasodilation, decreased muscle tone, voluntary measure, adaptation to warm
environment
Convection - ANS when a stream of air (wind) is cooler than body surface temp
Aging and temp - ANS decreased vasoconstrictor response, decreased or absent sweating,
D
dyschronization or circadian rhythm, under nutrition, decreased perception of heat and cold
Fever - ANS "a temporary resetting of the hypothalamic thermostat to a higher level in
U
response to endogenous or exogenous pyrogens"
Benefits of fever - ANS helps the response to infectious processes, it helps kill
ST
microorganisms, adversely affects the growth & replication of other microorganisms, decrease
serum levels or iron, zinc, & copper
Heat cramps - ANS severe spasmodic cramps in the abdomen & extremities that occur after
prolonged sweating resulting in sodium lost (fever, tachycardia & increased bp often occur)
Heat exhaustion - ANS leading to profound vasodilation & sweating --> leads to dehydration
(feel weak, dizzy, nauseated, & faint)
Heat stroke - ANS the potentially lethal, the cardiovascular & thermoregulatory centers
eventually stop functioning properly
