Emergency Medicine EOR Exam
_________is considered the gold standad test for aortic dissection but is also the most invasive
of all the radiographic studies. What is more normally done in the ED? - ANS-Aortography; CT
with contrast
________can lead to cardiac tamponade if it is large. Friction rub noted if secondary to
pericarditis. - ANS-Pleural effusion.
________triad for finding cerebral perfusion pressure is CPP=MAP-ICP. Brain ischemia results
when pressure is less than 40mmHg. - ANS-Cushing triad
_______is the abnormal dilation of large conducting airways - due to congenital abnormalities
(cystic fibrosis) or an acquired process (alplha-1-antitrypsin deficiency). - ANS-Brochiectasis
_______refers to inflammation at any point along the optic nerve and presents with acute vision
loss, with a particular reduction in color vision. Optic disc appear swollen. Tx: steroids -
ANS-Optic Neuritis
_______refers to inflammation of the urethra. Gonococcal produces a thick, purulent urethral
discharge and burning with urination. Nongonococcal presents with dysuria and scant urethral
discharge. May be suggested if urine dipstick test for leukocyte esterase is positive and no
bladder infection is present. - ANS-Urethritis
_______sign is pain with dorsiflexion of the foot. May be positive with DVT. - ANS-Homan's
______cysts only cause pain when they leak contents causing tissue irritation or mechanical
pressure on adjacent organs. What is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice? What patient
requires emergent gynecological surgery? - ANS-Ovarian; pelvic/transvaginal ultrasound;
patients with hemoperitonium and/or hypotension
______hematoma often presents with spinal fluid rhinorrhea and unconsciousness followed by
resolution and then later unconsciousness AFTER a skull fracture. - ANS-Epidural
______is a pansystolic, blowing in nature, high pitch, musical sound. Radiates to left axilla. -
ANS-Mitral regurgitation
______is a rare complication of otitis media. CP with pain, swelling, tenderness, and redness
behind the ear in the area of the mastoid bone. Treat the same as otitis media but what is the
difference? - ANS-Mastoiditis; treat for 3-4 weeks
,______is acute inflammation of the lacrimal gland. Tx: observed and treated with abx if needed.
Superior temporal region.
______is infection of the lacrimal gland. Tx: antibiotics and relief of the obstruction. Inframedial
region. - ANS-Dacryoadenitis; Dacryocystitis
______is an uncommon cause of acute renal failure due to immune complex deposits in the
kidney. Dysmorphic RBC and RBC CASTS are common. - ANS-Glomerulonephritis
______presents with a mid-systolic click heard best at apex. - ANS-Mitral valve prolapse
______presents with an opening snap in early diastole. Soft, low-pitched, diastolic rumble heard
best at the apex in the left decubitus position, palpable right ventricular heave. - ANS-Mitral
stenosis
______presents with sudden onset of eye pain, blurred vision, h/a, n/v and they may report a
"halo around lights". - ANS-Acute angle closure glaucoma - an increase in intraocular pressure
and the potential for optic nerve injury
_____angina is brought on by activity/exercise. ____angina may show transient ST changes
and inverted T waves. ____is pain mainly occurring at rest due to vasospasm of coronary
arteries. - ANS-Stable, unstable, prinzmetal/variant (responds well to CCB or nitrates, BB may
exacerbate vasospasm)
_____hematoma involves injury to a vein and symptoms develop later after head injury with
headache, confusion, coma, and hemiparesis. Often after acceleration-deceleration injuries. -
ANS-Subdural
_____is a condition defined pathologically as dilation of the air space distal to the terminal
brochiole with destruction of the interalveolar septa. "pink puffer" CXR - hyperinflated with flat
diaphragms - ANS-Emphysema
_____is a diastolic murmur heard along left sternal border. Austin-Flint murmur. What kind of
pulse? - ANS-Aortic regurgitation; "water hammer" pulses
_____is blowing and musical best heard along left sternal border. - ANS-Tricuspid regurgitation
_____is due to deficiency of or resistance to vasopression/anti-diuretic hormone. S/S are
intense thirst, polyuria, dehydration. Treatment is with what? - ANS-Diabetes Insipidus;
desmopressin acetate (and possibly HCTZ)
_____is due to reduction in volume of lumbar spinal canal, causing compression and paralysis -
presents w leg weakness, urinary and anal sphincter control. - ANS-Cauda Equina syndrome
,_____is inflammation or infection of supraglottic structures ie. tongue, vallecula, arythenoid, and
tonsils. What age is most commonly affected? - ANS-Epiglottitis; between 2 and 6 years old
_____is most likely due to an immune-mediated mechanism --- due to lymphocytic infiltration
and macrophage-mediated demyelination and axonal degeneration. Campylobacter,
mononucleosis, CMB, herpes, mycoplasma - ANS-Guillain-Barre
_____is released from cardiac ventricles in response to increased wall tension. - ANS-BNP -
B-type natriuretic peptide
_____is the separation of the sensory retina from the underlying pigmented epithelium. What is
the most common location? What are the clinical manifestations? - ANS-retinal detachment;
superior temporal area; "curtain came down over eye"/flashers & floaters/blurry vision
_____often originates at a site of dental infection and is a cellulitis of the floor of the mouth and
neck originating in the submandibular space. - ANS-Ludwig's angina
_____presents with abrupt onset of fatigue, malaise, bone pain, sweats, bleeding, and easy
bruising. PE reveals pallor, petechiae, and ecchymoses. - ANS-Acute leukemia
_____presents with distended neck vein, indistinct heart sounds, narrow pulse pressure, and
pulsus paradoxus. Tx: pericardiocentesis and treat underlying cause. - ANS-Cardiac tamponade
_____refers to a superficial disruption of the surface of the cornea. Tx: update ____vaccine!,
topical anesthetics, cycloplegic drops, irrigation, topical aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone.
What should not be given to take home? - ANS-Corneal abrasion; tetanus; topical anesthetics
(bc its repetitive use impairs healing)
_____refers to the condition of excess mucus production and productive cough occurring for at
least 3 months a year for 2 consecutive years. "blue bloater", course rhonchi - ANS-Chronic
Bronchitis
_____remains the gold standard for diagnosis of intestinal ischemia and may provide a route for
infusion of vasodilatory drugs such as papaverine to help restore blood flow to the threatened
segment of bowel. - ANS-Angiography
____arrhythmia most frequently results from lower energy AC exposures whereas ____is more
common after exposure to higher energy DC. - ANS-Ventricular fibrillation; asystole
____hematoma is an aneurysm presenting with a thunderclap headache, stiff neck, and
delirium. - ANS-Subarachnoid
____hypertension is potentially life threatening - HTN plus rentinopathy, cardiovascular/renal
compromise, or encephalopathy. - ANS-Malignant
, ____is a decrescendo-crescendo rough, systolic murmur. Heard best at base of heart and
radiates to neck. What drug is contraindicated? - ANS-Aortic stenosis; ACEi
____is a disease in which the bone marrow and stem cells that reside there are damaged. This
causes a deficiency of RBC, WBC, and platelets. CBC shows pancytopenia. What hemoglobin
requires small volumes (3-5ml/kg) over 3-4 hours to be infused? What can happen if given too
rapidly? What is their best chance for survival? - ANS-Aplastic anemia; </-6g/dL; heart failure;
bone marrow transplant
____is a regional infection of the breast typically seen in lactating women; caused by patient's
skin flora or oral flora of infant. Tx: dicloxacillin; complications include development of _____. -
ANS-Mastitis; breast abscess which would be I&D; usually caused by Staph Aureus
____is a serious complication of STIs because of increased risk of infertility and ectopic
pregnancy. Lower abdominal tenderness, Chandelier's sign, and purulent cervical discharge.
ABX: broad spectrum cephalosporins, clinda/gent if allergic - ANS-Pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID)
____is acute unilateral infection or inflammation of the vestibular system - typically due to a
recent viral infection. CP: rotational vertigo, nystagmus, n/v. What kind of nystagmus? Tx? -
ANS-Labyrinthitis; horizontal - rotary away from affected side; diazepam, meclizine,
dimenhydrinate
____is an early systolic opening ejection click followed by a systolic ejection murmur which
radiates to the base. - ANS-Pulmonic Stenosis
____is autoimmune blistering disease that primarily affects the elderly, IgG, biopsy shows
subepidermal bulla with infiltration of eosinophils. Treatment? - ANS-Bullous pemphigoid; tx -
steroids and possibly minocycline
____is defined as hypertension (>140/90) in pregnancy associated with proteinuria and
nondependent edema. Eclampsia are seizures in a pt with pre-elampsia. What is given for
seizure treatment? What is the first line treatment for blood pressure control? -
ANS-Preelampsia; Magnesium Sulfate; Hydralazine
____is enlargement or dysfunction of the right ventricle due to pulmonary hypertension. -
ANS-Cor pulmonale - may see prominent P waves in leads II, III, and aVF (anterior leads)
____is hematogenous spread of bacteria to synovial membrane lining the joint. Common
organisms are S aureus, Neisseria gonorrhea, gram-negative bacilli, parvovirus B19, Hep B,
Mumps - ANS-Septic arthritis
_________is considered the gold standad test for aortic dissection but is also the most invasive
of all the radiographic studies. What is more normally done in the ED? - ANS-Aortography; CT
with contrast
________can lead to cardiac tamponade if it is large. Friction rub noted if secondary to
pericarditis. - ANS-Pleural effusion.
________triad for finding cerebral perfusion pressure is CPP=MAP-ICP. Brain ischemia results
when pressure is less than 40mmHg. - ANS-Cushing triad
_______is the abnormal dilation of large conducting airways - due to congenital abnormalities
(cystic fibrosis) or an acquired process (alplha-1-antitrypsin deficiency). - ANS-Brochiectasis
_______refers to inflammation at any point along the optic nerve and presents with acute vision
loss, with a particular reduction in color vision. Optic disc appear swollen. Tx: steroids -
ANS-Optic Neuritis
_______refers to inflammation of the urethra. Gonococcal produces a thick, purulent urethral
discharge and burning with urination. Nongonococcal presents with dysuria and scant urethral
discharge. May be suggested if urine dipstick test for leukocyte esterase is positive and no
bladder infection is present. - ANS-Urethritis
_______sign is pain with dorsiflexion of the foot. May be positive with DVT. - ANS-Homan's
______cysts only cause pain when they leak contents causing tissue irritation or mechanical
pressure on adjacent organs. What is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice? What patient
requires emergent gynecological surgery? - ANS-Ovarian; pelvic/transvaginal ultrasound;
patients with hemoperitonium and/or hypotension
______hematoma often presents with spinal fluid rhinorrhea and unconsciousness followed by
resolution and then later unconsciousness AFTER a skull fracture. - ANS-Epidural
______is a pansystolic, blowing in nature, high pitch, musical sound. Radiates to left axilla. -
ANS-Mitral regurgitation
______is a rare complication of otitis media. CP with pain, swelling, tenderness, and redness
behind the ear in the area of the mastoid bone. Treat the same as otitis media but what is the
difference? - ANS-Mastoiditis; treat for 3-4 weeks
,______is acute inflammation of the lacrimal gland. Tx: observed and treated with abx if needed.
Superior temporal region.
______is infection of the lacrimal gland. Tx: antibiotics and relief of the obstruction. Inframedial
region. - ANS-Dacryoadenitis; Dacryocystitis
______is an uncommon cause of acute renal failure due to immune complex deposits in the
kidney. Dysmorphic RBC and RBC CASTS are common. - ANS-Glomerulonephritis
______presents with a mid-systolic click heard best at apex. - ANS-Mitral valve prolapse
______presents with an opening snap in early diastole. Soft, low-pitched, diastolic rumble heard
best at the apex in the left decubitus position, palpable right ventricular heave. - ANS-Mitral
stenosis
______presents with sudden onset of eye pain, blurred vision, h/a, n/v and they may report a
"halo around lights". - ANS-Acute angle closure glaucoma - an increase in intraocular pressure
and the potential for optic nerve injury
_____angina is brought on by activity/exercise. ____angina may show transient ST changes
and inverted T waves. ____is pain mainly occurring at rest due to vasospasm of coronary
arteries. - ANS-Stable, unstable, prinzmetal/variant (responds well to CCB or nitrates, BB may
exacerbate vasospasm)
_____hematoma involves injury to a vein and symptoms develop later after head injury with
headache, confusion, coma, and hemiparesis. Often after acceleration-deceleration injuries. -
ANS-Subdural
_____is a condition defined pathologically as dilation of the air space distal to the terminal
brochiole with destruction of the interalveolar septa. "pink puffer" CXR - hyperinflated with flat
diaphragms - ANS-Emphysema
_____is a diastolic murmur heard along left sternal border. Austin-Flint murmur. What kind of
pulse? - ANS-Aortic regurgitation; "water hammer" pulses
_____is blowing and musical best heard along left sternal border. - ANS-Tricuspid regurgitation
_____is due to deficiency of or resistance to vasopression/anti-diuretic hormone. S/S are
intense thirst, polyuria, dehydration. Treatment is with what? - ANS-Diabetes Insipidus;
desmopressin acetate (and possibly HCTZ)
_____is due to reduction in volume of lumbar spinal canal, causing compression and paralysis -
presents w leg weakness, urinary and anal sphincter control. - ANS-Cauda Equina syndrome
,_____is inflammation or infection of supraglottic structures ie. tongue, vallecula, arythenoid, and
tonsils. What age is most commonly affected? - ANS-Epiglottitis; between 2 and 6 years old
_____is most likely due to an immune-mediated mechanism --- due to lymphocytic infiltration
and macrophage-mediated demyelination and axonal degeneration. Campylobacter,
mononucleosis, CMB, herpes, mycoplasma - ANS-Guillain-Barre
_____is released from cardiac ventricles in response to increased wall tension. - ANS-BNP -
B-type natriuretic peptide
_____is the separation of the sensory retina from the underlying pigmented epithelium. What is
the most common location? What are the clinical manifestations? - ANS-retinal detachment;
superior temporal area; "curtain came down over eye"/flashers & floaters/blurry vision
_____often originates at a site of dental infection and is a cellulitis of the floor of the mouth and
neck originating in the submandibular space. - ANS-Ludwig's angina
_____presents with abrupt onset of fatigue, malaise, bone pain, sweats, bleeding, and easy
bruising. PE reveals pallor, petechiae, and ecchymoses. - ANS-Acute leukemia
_____presents with distended neck vein, indistinct heart sounds, narrow pulse pressure, and
pulsus paradoxus. Tx: pericardiocentesis and treat underlying cause. - ANS-Cardiac tamponade
_____refers to a superficial disruption of the surface of the cornea. Tx: update ____vaccine!,
topical anesthetics, cycloplegic drops, irrigation, topical aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone.
What should not be given to take home? - ANS-Corneal abrasion; tetanus; topical anesthetics
(bc its repetitive use impairs healing)
_____refers to the condition of excess mucus production and productive cough occurring for at
least 3 months a year for 2 consecutive years. "blue bloater", course rhonchi - ANS-Chronic
Bronchitis
_____remains the gold standard for diagnosis of intestinal ischemia and may provide a route for
infusion of vasodilatory drugs such as papaverine to help restore blood flow to the threatened
segment of bowel. - ANS-Angiography
____arrhythmia most frequently results from lower energy AC exposures whereas ____is more
common after exposure to higher energy DC. - ANS-Ventricular fibrillation; asystole
____hematoma is an aneurysm presenting with a thunderclap headache, stiff neck, and
delirium. - ANS-Subarachnoid
____hypertension is potentially life threatening - HTN plus rentinopathy, cardiovascular/renal
compromise, or encephalopathy. - ANS-Malignant
, ____is a decrescendo-crescendo rough, systolic murmur. Heard best at base of heart and
radiates to neck. What drug is contraindicated? - ANS-Aortic stenosis; ACEi
____is a disease in which the bone marrow and stem cells that reside there are damaged. This
causes a deficiency of RBC, WBC, and platelets. CBC shows pancytopenia. What hemoglobin
requires small volumes (3-5ml/kg) over 3-4 hours to be infused? What can happen if given too
rapidly? What is their best chance for survival? - ANS-Aplastic anemia; </-6g/dL; heart failure;
bone marrow transplant
____is a regional infection of the breast typically seen in lactating women; caused by patient's
skin flora or oral flora of infant. Tx: dicloxacillin; complications include development of _____. -
ANS-Mastitis; breast abscess which would be I&D; usually caused by Staph Aureus
____is a serious complication of STIs because of increased risk of infertility and ectopic
pregnancy. Lower abdominal tenderness, Chandelier's sign, and purulent cervical discharge.
ABX: broad spectrum cephalosporins, clinda/gent if allergic - ANS-Pelvic inflammatory disease
(PID)
____is acute unilateral infection or inflammation of the vestibular system - typically due to a
recent viral infection. CP: rotational vertigo, nystagmus, n/v. What kind of nystagmus? Tx? -
ANS-Labyrinthitis; horizontal - rotary away from affected side; diazepam, meclizine,
dimenhydrinate
____is an early systolic opening ejection click followed by a systolic ejection murmur which
radiates to the base. - ANS-Pulmonic Stenosis
____is autoimmune blistering disease that primarily affects the elderly, IgG, biopsy shows
subepidermal bulla with infiltration of eosinophils. Treatment? - ANS-Bullous pemphigoid; tx -
steroids and possibly minocycline
____is defined as hypertension (>140/90) in pregnancy associated with proteinuria and
nondependent edema. Eclampsia are seizures in a pt with pre-elampsia. What is given for
seizure treatment? What is the first line treatment for blood pressure control? -
ANS-Preelampsia; Magnesium Sulfate; Hydralazine
____is enlargement or dysfunction of the right ventricle due to pulmonary hypertension. -
ANS-Cor pulmonale - may see prominent P waves in leads II, III, and aVF (anterior leads)
____is hematogenous spread of bacteria to synovial membrane lining the joint. Common
organisms are S aureus, Neisseria gonorrhea, gram-negative bacilli, parvovirus B19, Hep B,
Mumps - ANS-Septic arthritis
