MBCHB 1 TEST WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
What is parenchyma? - ANSWER the functional tissue of an organ as
distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.
what is the stroma? - ANSWER the supportive tissue of an organ, including
connective tissue and blood vessels.
difference between tissue and organ - ANSWER tissue is cells working
together with common function, organ can include different tissues.
four main types of tissue - ANSWER epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
describe the epithelia.
what is it on?
is it vascularised? - ANSWER cells in close contact, not vascularised. cells
polarised, secretion.
it is the boundary of the body to the environment.
it is on a layer of connective tissue (incl vascular)
steps of epithelial cancer - ANSWER dedifferentation of an epithelial cell,
growth in situ, invasion of the connective tissue, eventually adjacent organ,
approaches and enters vessels, and dissemination -> metastasis.
four steps in tissue processing for histology - ANSWER fixation, embedding,
sectioning and staining.
,two types of fixation - ANSWER freezing (with dry ice or liquid nitrogen)
chemical (adehyde based is most common)
what is sectioning and what is true about it? - ANSWER cutting tissue into
slices.
the thinner it is, the higher the resolution
what does embedding do
one embedding medium - ANSWER tissues are normally very thin, so need
embedding for support.
paraffin wax
some routine histology staining methods - ANSWER haematoxylin-eosin (HE)
PAS (periodic-acid/Schiff)
more specific/sophisticated staining methods to study tissue compartments -
ANSWER immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and lectin
histochemistry
what is orthochromasy and its opposite? - ANSWER orthochromasy is when a
dye or stain doesn't change the colour of the tissue.
metachromasy is when it does
basophily and an example - ANSWER an acidic component that is attracted to
a basic stain
proteins and other cytoplasmic components
- ANSWER
,is HE stain acidic or basic?
colours - ANSWER both
eosin is acidic, stains cytoplasm (pink)
haematoxylin is basic, stains DNA and RNA (purple)
pas staining for what? - ANSWER carb rich tissues, e.g. liver glycogen.
staining lipids? - ANSWER optically empty because digested during fixation
with alcohol
is the nucleus baso or acidophilic - ANSWER basophilic, because acidic.
what are the two main kinds of epithelial tissue? - ANSWER covering
epithelia (protective) and glandular epithelia (secretory)
subtypes of covering epithelia - ANSWER simple, stratified, pseudo-stratified
and transitional
what kind of epithelia is skin - ANSWER covering epithelia
stratified squamous epithelia
stratified squamous epithelia - ANSWER non-keratanised (e.g. the palate)
and keratinised (skin)
example of simple squamous epithelium - ANSWER lung alveoli
two subtypes of simple squamous epithelia - ANSWER mesothelia (surface
layer of the serous membrane that lines body cavities and internal organs)
and endothelia (covering inner surface of vessels onto aortic lumen)
, talk about the simple cuboidal epithelia - ANSWER type of epithelium with a
single layer of cells, lining striated ducts. examples include nephrons,
collecting ducts or renal tubules. they secrete and absorb.
epithelia always have a basement membrane/connective tissue underneath.
2 subtypes of simple columnar epithelia and organs that they line
also single cell layered - ANSWER ciliated and non-ciliated.
digestive tract (nonciliated) and respiratory (ciliated)
is stratified squamous epithelium single-cell layered? - ANSWER no.
where can you find non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?
three layers? - ANSWER oesophagus
upper (facing lumen), intermediate and basal (next to basement membrane
and connective tissue)
the equivalent of the three layers in stratified squamous epithelia for
keratanised - ANSWER outside is keratanised (dead cells), then stratum
COMPLETE SOLUTION
What is parenchyma? - ANSWER the functional tissue of an organ as
distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.
what is the stroma? - ANSWER the supportive tissue of an organ, including
connective tissue and blood vessels.
difference between tissue and organ - ANSWER tissue is cells working
together with common function, organ can include different tissues.
four main types of tissue - ANSWER epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
describe the epithelia.
what is it on?
is it vascularised? - ANSWER cells in close contact, not vascularised. cells
polarised, secretion.
it is the boundary of the body to the environment.
it is on a layer of connective tissue (incl vascular)
steps of epithelial cancer - ANSWER dedifferentation of an epithelial cell,
growth in situ, invasion of the connective tissue, eventually adjacent organ,
approaches and enters vessels, and dissemination -> metastasis.
four steps in tissue processing for histology - ANSWER fixation, embedding,
sectioning and staining.
,two types of fixation - ANSWER freezing (with dry ice or liquid nitrogen)
chemical (adehyde based is most common)
what is sectioning and what is true about it? - ANSWER cutting tissue into
slices.
the thinner it is, the higher the resolution
what does embedding do
one embedding medium - ANSWER tissues are normally very thin, so need
embedding for support.
paraffin wax
some routine histology staining methods - ANSWER haematoxylin-eosin (HE)
PAS (periodic-acid/Schiff)
more specific/sophisticated staining methods to study tissue compartments -
ANSWER immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and lectin
histochemistry
what is orthochromasy and its opposite? - ANSWER orthochromasy is when a
dye or stain doesn't change the colour of the tissue.
metachromasy is when it does
basophily and an example - ANSWER an acidic component that is attracted to
a basic stain
proteins and other cytoplasmic components
- ANSWER
,is HE stain acidic or basic?
colours - ANSWER both
eosin is acidic, stains cytoplasm (pink)
haematoxylin is basic, stains DNA and RNA (purple)
pas staining for what? - ANSWER carb rich tissues, e.g. liver glycogen.
staining lipids? - ANSWER optically empty because digested during fixation
with alcohol
is the nucleus baso or acidophilic - ANSWER basophilic, because acidic.
what are the two main kinds of epithelial tissue? - ANSWER covering
epithelia (protective) and glandular epithelia (secretory)
subtypes of covering epithelia - ANSWER simple, stratified, pseudo-stratified
and transitional
what kind of epithelia is skin - ANSWER covering epithelia
stratified squamous epithelia
stratified squamous epithelia - ANSWER non-keratanised (e.g. the palate)
and keratinised (skin)
example of simple squamous epithelium - ANSWER lung alveoli
two subtypes of simple squamous epithelia - ANSWER mesothelia (surface
layer of the serous membrane that lines body cavities and internal organs)
and endothelia (covering inner surface of vessels onto aortic lumen)
, talk about the simple cuboidal epithelia - ANSWER type of epithelium with a
single layer of cells, lining striated ducts. examples include nephrons,
collecting ducts or renal tubules. they secrete and absorb.
epithelia always have a basement membrane/connective tissue underneath.
2 subtypes of simple columnar epithelia and organs that they line
also single cell layered - ANSWER ciliated and non-ciliated.
digestive tract (nonciliated) and respiratory (ciliated)
is stratified squamous epithelium single-cell layered? - ANSWER no.
where can you find non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?
three layers? - ANSWER oesophagus
upper (facing lumen), intermediate and basal (next to basement membrane
and connective tissue)
the equivalent of the three layers in stratified squamous epithelia for
keratanised - ANSWER outside is keratanised (dead cells), then stratum
