PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM 2024-2025
COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
1. Which of the following is part of the pathophysiology of
emphysema that can lead to the appearance of a barrel
chart?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Bacterial infection in the lungs
C. Air trapping in the alveoli please check
D. Muscle atrophy of the diaphragm please check
2. The primary problem with anemia, regardless of the cause, is
____ the goal in treating mia is to_____
A. Occult bleeding reduces the hemoglobin and hcrit levels.
B. Tissue hypoxia; restore tissue oxygenation.
C. Tissue hyperoxia; have the patient take slow deep breaths.
D. Oxygen saturation more than 100%reduce oxygen toxicity.
3. Intracellular fluid contains higher concentration of which of
the following?
A. Magnesium
B. Sodium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
, 4.Which of the following is a characteristic of disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC)
A. Simultaneous stroke and heat attack
Simultaneous clotting and bleeding
B. Simultaneous clotting and insulin release
C. Simultaneous bleeding and vomiting
4. Which of the following steps happens first during hemostasis?
A. Vascular spasm
B. Platelet’s dissolve
C. Coagulation
D. Dissolving of the clot
5. Which of the following clinical finding would be present
inclients experiencing
A. Altered level of consciousness shock (select all that
apply)?
.
B. Hypotension
C. Increased mental clarity.
D. Tachycardia
E. Hypertension
6. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of
multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A. Demyelination of the neurons in the central system
, B. Decreased production of dopamine in the central nervous
system.
C. Clotting and bleeding disorders
D. Destruction of acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells
7. Which of the following is a component of the etiology of
edema?
A. Decreased plasma proteins
B. Hypotension
C. Dehydration
D. Polyuria
8. Sing and symptoms of ocardial infarction include which
of the following?
A. Persistent chest pain which may radiate to the arm,
neck, or jaw.
B. Brief sternal chest pain on inspiration
C. Rapid respiration with left-sided weakness and numbness
D. Left upper quadrant abdominal pain which radiates to the
back and shoulder.
9. Which of the following can lead to impaired neurological
function in clients with increased intracranial pressure?
(select all that apply)
A. Compression of the brain
B. Inflammation of
C. Decrease perfusion of the brain tissue the brain tissue
.
D. The ability of the tissues to autoregulate the pressure
, E. Increased tissue oxygenation
10. Increased calcium levels in the blood could be due to an
imbalance of which of the following hormones?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Calcitonin
D. Melatonin
11. Which hyperglycemic disorder is related to breaking
down fats for energy in patients with type 1 diabetes?
A. Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome
B. Hyperglycemic lipid syndrome
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Lipidosis hyperosmolar ketosis
12. Which of the following would the nurse expect to see in
client experiencing hypoventilation?
A. increased oxygenation in the alveoli
B. increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
C. decreased hemoglobin in the bloodstream.
D. decreased carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
13. A client has a potassium of 1.9mEq/L. What is most
important observation?
A. Jaundice
B. Skin turgor
C. Ability of the client to walk.
COMPLETE ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
1. Which of the following is part of the pathophysiology of
emphysema that can lead to the appearance of a barrel
chart?
A. Peripheral edema
B. Bacterial infection in the lungs
C. Air trapping in the alveoli please check
D. Muscle atrophy of the diaphragm please check
2. The primary problem with anemia, regardless of the cause, is
____ the goal in treating mia is to_____
A. Occult bleeding reduces the hemoglobin and hcrit levels.
B. Tissue hypoxia; restore tissue oxygenation.
C. Tissue hyperoxia; have the patient take slow deep breaths.
D. Oxygen saturation more than 100%reduce oxygen toxicity.
3. Intracellular fluid contains higher concentration of which of
the following?
A. Magnesium
B. Sodium
C. Chloride
D. Bicarbonate
, 4.Which of the following is a characteristic of disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC)
A. Simultaneous stroke and heat attack
Simultaneous clotting and bleeding
B. Simultaneous clotting and insulin release
C. Simultaneous bleeding and vomiting
4. Which of the following steps happens first during hemostasis?
A. Vascular spasm
B. Platelet’s dissolve
C. Coagulation
D. Dissolving of the clot
5. Which of the following clinical finding would be present
inclients experiencing
A. Altered level of consciousness shock (select all that
apply)?
.
B. Hypotension
C. Increased mental clarity.
D. Tachycardia
E. Hypertension
6. Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of
multiple sclerosis (MS)?
A. Demyelination of the neurons in the central system
, B. Decreased production of dopamine in the central nervous
system.
C. Clotting and bleeding disorders
D. Destruction of acetylcholine receptors on muscle cells
7. Which of the following is a component of the etiology of
edema?
A. Decreased plasma proteins
B. Hypotension
C. Dehydration
D. Polyuria
8. Sing and symptoms of ocardial infarction include which
of the following?
A. Persistent chest pain which may radiate to the arm,
neck, or jaw.
B. Brief sternal chest pain on inspiration
C. Rapid respiration with left-sided weakness and numbness
D. Left upper quadrant abdominal pain which radiates to the
back and shoulder.
9. Which of the following can lead to impaired neurological
function in clients with increased intracranial pressure?
(select all that apply)
A. Compression of the brain
B. Inflammation of
C. Decrease perfusion of the brain tissue the brain tissue
.
D. The ability of the tissues to autoregulate the pressure
, E. Increased tissue oxygenation
10. Increased calcium levels in the blood could be due to an
imbalance of which of the following hormones?
A. Parathyroid hormone
B. Antidiuretic hormone
C. Calcitonin
D. Melatonin
11. Which hyperglycemic disorder is related to breaking
down fats for energy in patients with type 1 diabetes?
A. Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome
B. Hyperglycemic lipid syndrome
C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
D. Lipidosis hyperosmolar ketosis
12. Which of the following would the nurse expect to see in
client experiencing hypoventilation?
A. increased oxygenation in the alveoli
B. increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
C. decreased hemoglobin in the bloodstream.
D. decreased carbon dioxide in the alveoli.
13. A client has a potassium of 1.9mEq/L. What is most
important observation?
A. Jaundice
B. Skin turgor
C. Ability of the client to walk.
