SYG2000 General Sociology Midterm
surveys - ✔️✔️: collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about
behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire
beliefs - ✔️✔️: tenets or convictions that people hold to be true
countercultures - ✔️✔️: groups that reject and oppose society's widely accepted
cultural patterns
cultural imperialism - ✔️✔️: the deliberate imposition of one's own cultural values on
another culture
cultural relativism - ✔️✔️: the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and
not in comparison to another culture
cultural universals - ✔️✔️: patterns or traits that are globally common
qualitative sociology - ✔️✔️: in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of
content sources as the source of its data
quantitative sociology - ✔️✔️: statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers
of participants
significant others - ✔️✔️: specific individuals that impact a person's life
social facts - ✔️✔️: the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions,
rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life
social institutions - ✔️✔️: patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social
needs
social solidarity - ✔️✔️: the social ties that bind a group of people together such as
kinship, shared location, and religion
society - ✔️✔️: a group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact
with one another and who share a common culture
sociological imagination - ✔️✔️: the ability to understand how your own past relates to
that of other people, as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular
, sociology: - ✔️✔️the systematic study of society and social interaction
symbolic interactionism: - ✔️✔️a theoretical perspective through which scholars
examine the relationship of individuals
within their society by studying their communication (language and symbols)
case study - ✔️✔️: in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual
ethnography - ✔️✔️: observing a complete social setting and all that it entails
experiment - ✔️✔️: the testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions
Hawthorne effect - ✔️✔️: when study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their
awareness of being observed by a researcher
hypothesis - ✔️✔️: a testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two
or more variables
participant observation - ✔️✔️: when a researcher immerses herself in a group or
social setting in order to make
observations from an "insider" perspective
antipositivism - ✔️✔️: the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as
they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values
conflict theory - ✔️✔️: a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited
resources
constructivism - ✔️✔️: an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that
reality is what humans cognitively
construct it to be
culture - ✔️✔️: a group's shared practices, values, and beliefs
functionalism - ✔️✔️: a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with
interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that
make up that society
hypothesis - ✔️✔️: a testable proposition
macro-level - ✔️✔️: a wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society
surveys - ✔️✔️: collect data from subjects who respond to a series of questions about
behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire
beliefs - ✔️✔️: tenets or convictions that people hold to be true
countercultures - ✔️✔️: groups that reject and oppose society's widely accepted
cultural patterns
cultural imperialism - ✔️✔️: the deliberate imposition of one's own cultural values on
another culture
cultural relativism - ✔️✔️: the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and
not in comparison to another culture
cultural universals - ✔️✔️: patterns or traits that are globally common
qualitative sociology - ✔️✔️: in-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of
content sources as the source of its data
quantitative sociology - ✔️✔️: statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers
of participants
significant others - ✔️✔️: specific individuals that impact a person's life
social facts - ✔️✔️: the laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions,
rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life
social institutions - ✔️✔️: patterns of beliefs and behaviors focused on meeting social
needs
social solidarity - ✔️✔️: the social ties that bind a group of people together such as
kinship, shared location, and religion
society - ✔️✔️: a group of people who live in a defined geographical area who interact
with one another and who share a common culture
sociological imagination - ✔️✔️: the ability to understand how your own past relates to
that of other people, as well as to history in general and societal structures in particular
, sociology: - ✔️✔️the systematic study of society and social interaction
symbolic interactionism: - ✔️✔️a theoretical perspective through which scholars
examine the relationship of individuals
within their society by studying their communication (language and symbols)
case study - ✔️✔️: in-depth analysis of a single event, situation, or individual
ethnography - ✔️✔️: observing a complete social setting and all that it entails
experiment - ✔️✔️: the testing of a hypothesis under controlled conditions
Hawthorne effect - ✔️✔️: when study subjects behave in a certain manner due to their
awareness of being observed by a researcher
hypothesis - ✔️✔️: a testable educated guess about predicted outcomes between two
or more variables
participant observation - ✔️✔️: when a researcher immerses herself in a group or
social setting in order to make
observations from an "insider" perspective
antipositivism - ✔️✔️: the view that social researchers should strive for subjectivity as
they worked to represent social processes, cultural norms, and societal values
conflict theory - ✔️✔️: a theory that looks at society as a competition for limited
resources
constructivism - ✔️✔️: an extension of symbolic interaction theory which proposes that
reality is what humans cognitively
construct it to be
culture - ✔️✔️: a group's shared practices, values, and beliefs
functionalism - ✔️✔️: a theoretical approach that sees society as a structure with
interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals that
make up that society
hypothesis - ✔️✔️: a testable proposition
macro-level - ✔️✔️: a wide-scale view of the role of social structures within a society
