NURS 371 Exam Questions and Answers 100%
Pass | Verified
Define EBP - ✔✔A lifelong problem-solving approach to clinical practice that integrates clinical appraisal
and synthesis of the most relevant and best research (external evidence), one's own clinical expertise;
which includes internal evidence generated from outcomes management or quality improvement
projects, patient assessment, and evaluations, with patient values and preferences
Understand the 3 components of EBP: - ✔✔-EBP = Clinical expertise + best research evidence + patient
values/ preferences
Internal and external evidence: - ✔✔Internal evidence is generated from outcomes management or
quality improvement projects, patient assessment, and evaluations, with patient values and preferences.
Including healthcare institution base, quality & outcome data, and the evaluation of outcomes is done
solely at the site where the improve efforts were conducted. It is derived from the things being
reserched
External evidence is the critical appraisal and synthesis of the most relevant and best research. Evidence
generated from rigorous research. Including: professional journals, Cochrane reviews, Systemic reviews,
& RCTs
What is the importance of EBP? - ✔✔Better patient outcomes, reducing costs, better population health,
& healthcare provider satisfaction
Page 1/21
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,What are barriers to the implementation of EBP?
Time, organizational culture, and lack of EBP knowledge and skills, academia (impact how it is taught),
traditional cultures, misperceptions about time needed to engage in EBP, leaders and managers who
don't embrace role model and and/or support EBP, lack of EBP mentors available to assist point of care
providers with EBP
What does the "hierarchy of evidence" mean? What is its usefulness? - ✔✔From bottom (least useful) to
the top (most useful): 1. Expert opinions, 2. Case Studies/ Series, Qualitative & Descriptive Studies, EBP
Implementation & QI Projects, 3. Uncontrolled Cohort Studies, 4. Controlled Cohort Studies, 5.
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), 6. Systematic Reviews
As the numbers go up, the research quality and the results become more reliable, valid, repeatable, and
applicable to the intended populations.
Systematic Reviews are the best; a collection of RCTs
● In "Coffins of Black", what was the significance of the observation of particular malignancies among
young chimney sweeps? - ✔✔○ Correlation between scrotal cancer and Chimney Sweeps
○ If chimney soot was the cause of the cancer prevalence, then the effect (cancer) was potentially
preventable → Socio-political implications
○ Controlling external variables could lead to better health outcomes
○ Disease could be preventable before needing treatment
What did these observations eventually lead to? - ✔✔○ 1788: Chimney Sweepers Act → Boys under 8
can not be used as Chimney Sweeps
○ 1834: The age was raised from 8 to 14
Page 2/21
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, ○ 1875: The use of "climbing boys" became forbidden
Over decades after implements new laws, scrotal cancer decreased/ vanished
What is a "morbis artifactum"? What significance does this have today? - ✔✔○ A man-made disease
"workers disease"
○ Disease that cluster around certain occupations & could be avoided with better and safer
implementation
○ Improvement of work conditions and the safety of workers in reducing preventable diseases. Ex:
Asbestos & mesothelioma
From "The Emperor's Nylon Stockings": When a phenomenon occurs widely in a population, how does
that affect the ability to assess its influence on the health of the population? - ✔✔○ It is hard to
associate it w/ one common link because of how widely it is w/i the population; it would be hard to link
to a specific carrier
What is the value of a prospective experiment in determining the effect of a behavior such as smoking
on health? - ✔✔○ The only formal method of being sure that the population is undergoing the change is
to capture the change in the real world & in the real time
○ Retrospective studies don't have the ability to predict the likelihood of getting cancer; it could only
look at how many of those who had cancer had smoked
What is the purpose of PICOT questions? - ✔✔○ The PICOT format is a helpful approach for summarizing
research questions that explore the effect of therapy; Flashlight in research so you do not get lost while
researching; helps focus applicable research to your question
Page 3/21
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
Pass | Verified
Define EBP - ✔✔A lifelong problem-solving approach to clinical practice that integrates clinical appraisal
and synthesis of the most relevant and best research (external evidence), one's own clinical expertise;
which includes internal evidence generated from outcomes management or quality improvement
projects, patient assessment, and evaluations, with patient values and preferences
Understand the 3 components of EBP: - ✔✔-EBP = Clinical expertise + best research evidence + patient
values/ preferences
Internal and external evidence: - ✔✔Internal evidence is generated from outcomes management or
quality improvement projects, patient assessment, and evaluations, with patient values and preferences.
Including healthcare institution base, quality & outcome data, and the evaluation of outcomes is done
solely at the site where the improve efforts were conducted. It is derived from the things being
reserched
External evidence is the critical appraisal and synthesis of the most relevant and best research. Evidence
generated from rigorous research. Including: professional journals, Cochrane reviews, Systemic reviews,
& RCTs
What is the importance of EBP? - ✔✔Better patient outcomes, reducing costs, better population health,
& healthcare provider satisfaction
Page 1/21
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
,What are barriers to the implementation of EBP?
Time, organizational culture, and lack of EBP knowledge and skills, academia (impact how it is taught),
traditional cultures, misperceptions about time needed to engage in EBP, leaders and managers who
don't embrace role model and and/or support EBP, lack of EBP mentors available to assist point of care
providers with EBP
What does the "hierarchy of evidence" mean? What is its usefulness? - ✔✔From bottom (least useful) to
the top (most useful): 1. Expert opinions, 2. Case Studies/ Series, Qualitative & Descriptive Studies, EBP
Implementation & QI Projects, 3. Uncontrolled Cohort Studies, 4. Controlled Cohort Studies, 5.
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), 6. Systematic Reviews
As the numbers go up, the research quality and the results become more reliable, valid, repeatable, and
applicable to the intended populations.
Systematic Reviews are the best; a collection of RCTs
● In "Coffins of Black", what was the significance of the observation of particular malignancies among
young chimney sweeps? - ✔✔○ Correlation between scrotal cancer and Chimney Sweeps
○ If chimney soot was the cause of the cancer prevalence, then the effect (cancer) was potentially
preventable → Socio-political implications
○ Controlling external variables could lead to better health outcomes
○ Disease could be preventable before needing treatment
What did these observations eventually lead to? - ✔✔○ 1788: Chimney Sweepers Act → Boys under 8
can not be used as Chimney Sweeps
○ 1834: The age was raised from 8 to 14
Page 2/21
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
, ○ 1875: The use of "climbing boys" became forbidden
Over decades after implements new laws, scrotal cancer decreased/ vanished
What is a "morbis artifactum"? What significance does this have today? - ✔✔○ A man-made disease
"workers disease"
○ Disease that cluster around certain occupations & could be avoided with better and safer
implementation
○ Improvement of work conditions and the safety of workers in reducing preventable diseases. Ex:
Asbestos & mesothelioma
From "The Emperor's Nylon Stockings": When a phenomenon occurs widely in a population, how does
that affect the ability to assess its influence on the health of the population? - ✔✔○ It is hard to
associate it w/ one common link because of how widely it is w/i the population; it would be hard to link
to a specific carrier
What is the value of a prospective experiment in determining the effect of a behavior such as smoking
on health? - ✔✔○ The only formal method of being sure that the population is undergoing the change is
to capture the change in the real world & in the real time
○ Retrospective studies don't have the ability to predict the likelihood of getting cancer; it could only
look at how many of those who had cancer had smoked
What is the purpose of PICOT questions? - ✔✔○ The PICOT format is a helpful approach for summarizing
research questions that explore the effect of therapy; Flashlight in research so you do not get lost while
researching; helps focus applicable research to your question
Page 3/21
Crafted for Academic Insight by ©KatelynWhitman 2025. All rights reserved.
