GCU BIO-205 Exam 1 With Correct Actual Questions And Correctly Well Defined Answers.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek - correct answer Father of microbiology Created 1st magnifying glass Coined the term 'Animalcules' Animalcules - correct answer First term used to describe microorganisms What is the theory of Spontaneous Generation? - correct answer Life arises spontaneously from non-living material (abiogenesis) Who were the scientists involved in the theory of spontaneous generation? - correct answer Francesco Redi (meat in jars experiment) Louis Pasteur (Swan Neck Flask experiment) John Tyndall (found heat resistant microbes) Ferdinand Cohn (discovered endospores) Robert Koch (discovered anthrax disease by spore forming bacteria) What were the structures present in hay infusions? - correct answer Heat resistant microbes called endospores Which experiment disproved TSG (theory of spontaneous generation)? - correct answer Louis Pasteur swan neck flask experiment What is bioremediation? - correct answer The use of microorganisms to clean pollution How do viruses grow? - correct answer They cannot reproduce on their own. The must use a living host cell What does the resolving power of a microscope do? - correct answer Distinguish two objects that are close together What does immersion oil do? - correct answer Increases resolution and decreases light refraction Which microscope is used to observe a specimen at the atomic level? - correct answer Atomic Force Microscope (1980) What does positive staining do? - correct answer Contains positive charge that dyes the cells What does negative staining do? - correct answer Contains negative charge that dyes the background Which dyes contain a positive charge? - correct answer Basic dyes Which dyes contain a negative charge? - correct answer Acidic dyes What is the advantage of the size of prokaryotes? - correct answer Their small size makes it so they have a rapid growth rate Steps used for a gram stain: 1: Crystal Violet 2: Iodine 3: Alcohol 4: Safranin A: 1,3,4,2 B: 1,3,2,4 C: 2,3,1,4 D: 1,2,3,4 - correct answer D Which step during the process of gram staining could cause for a gram+ stain to appear to be a gram- stain? - correct answer Step 3, decolorization using alcohol Why is it important to study microorganisms/bacteria? - correct answer We can not live without them What is the equation to find the total magnification from a microscope? - correct answer Objective lens x Ocular lens Diplococcus - correct answer pairs Streptococcus - correct answer chains sarcina - correct answer cubical packets Staphylococcus - correct answer clusters Coccus - correct answer round Bacillus - correct answer rod Vibrio - correct answer comma shaped Spirillum - correct answer spiral pleomorphic - correct answer many shapes Simple Stain - correct answer use of a single dye all cells stained the same color observation of morphology Differential Stain - correct answer uses a series of reagents cells stained differently observation of difference in cell structure What is a capsule? - correct answer Gel-like layer outside cell wall that protects and may be used to help the bacteria to adhere to surfaces What is a biofilm? - correct answer a polysaccharide encased community such as plaque on teeth 3 domains of organisms - correct answer Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Bacteria and Archaea - correct answer prokaryotes- no nucleus- unicellular Eukarya - correct answer Eukaryotes- algae, protozoa, fungi, helminths Magnification of light microscope - correct answer 1000x Magnification of an electron microscope - correct answer more than 100,000x What does the condenser lens do? - correct answer focuses light onto the specimen What is magnification? - correct answer the increase in the apparent size of an object How do prokaryotic cells divide? - correct answer binary fission What makes up the cell wall of bacteria? - correct answer peptidoglycan Why is lipopolysaccharide medically significant? - correct answer signals immune system of invasion by gram- bacteria LPS is good for bacteria but bad for humans Endotoxin - correct answer A normal component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Endotoxins produce extreme immune reactions (septic shock), particularly when many of them enter the circulation at once. (LPS) What does penicillin do? - correct answer prevents synthesis of peptidoglycan (synthesis occurs in actively growing cells) Which type of bacteria is penicillin most effective against? - correct answer gram+ What do lysosomes do? - correct answer break down peptidoglycan molecule during all stages of bacterial growth Bacteria that lack a cell wall - correct answer Mycoplasma Action of antibiotics on plasma membrane - correct answer Movement of bacteria - correct answer flagella, pili, fimbriae fluid mosaic model - correct answer Structural model of the plasma membrane where molecules are free to move sideways within a lipid bilayer.