GCU Complete Exam Questions And Answers Well Elaborated.

What are the three question-response forms? - correct answer open-ended metric categorical measurement - correct answer is defined as determining the description or amount of some element of interest to the researcher. Properties - correct answer are the specific features or characteristics of an object that can be used to distinguish it from another object. synthetic label metric scale and synthetic number metric scale - correct answer label is rating scale of "poor" to "excellent" number is a scale of 1-5,1-7, or 1-10 scale development - correct answer requires the marketing researcher to develop response formats that are very clear and that are used identically by the various respondents so that the respondents translate their mental constructs onto an intensity continuum two goals: validity and reliability neutral point - correct answer is not considered zero or an origin; instead, it is considered a midpoint along the continuum Likert Scale - correct answer respondents are asked to indicate their degree of agreement or disagreement on a symmetric agree-disagree scale for each of a series of statements. 1-5 or 1-7 halo effect - correct answer a consumer's favoritism toward a line of products due to positive experiences with other products by this maker. Stapel Scale - correct answer The basis of the Stapel scaleformat is numerical rather than verbal or visual; however, its purpose is the same as othersymmetric synthetic scales—to obtain the degree of positive or negative feeling population versus sample labels - correct answer pop uses greek letters while sample uses roman numbers 99% and 95% confidence levels - correct answer 2.85 for 99 and 1.96 for 95 one-way labeled scale - correct answer is one where the researcher is measuring some construct attribute with the use of labels that restrict the measure to the "positive" side Questionnaire design - correct answer is a systematic process that requires the researcher to go through a series of considerations. Question development - correct answer is the practice of selecting appropriate response formats and wording questions that are understandable, unambiguous, and unbiased. Do's of question wording - correct answer focused on one topic, brief, grammatically simple, crystal clear Dont's of question wording - correct answer no leading questions, no loaded wording, no double-barreled questions, no overstated questions undisguised survey - correct answer the sponsoring company is identified disguised survey - correct answer the sponsor's name is not divulged to respondents. anonymity - correct answer which respondents are assured that neither their name nor any identifying designation will be associated with their responses. confidentiality - correct answer which means that the respondent's name is known by the researcher, but it is not divulged to a third party Sampling error is caused by two factors: - correct answer (1) the method of sample selection and (2) the size of the sample. +-Sample Error% equation - correct answer confidence level *sqrt of(p*q)/n Variability - correct answer low is when it can be determined that there is a large part the same high variability means the percentages are stretched out Four probability samling techniques - correct answer 1. simple random 2. systematic sampling 3. cluster sampling 4. stratified sampling simple random sampling - correct answer the probability of being selected into the sample is "known" and equal for all members of the population. systematic sampling - correct answer is a way to select a simple random sample from a directory or list that is much more efficient cluster sampling - correct answer in which the population is divided into subgroups, called "clusters," each of which may represent the entire population Stratified sampling - correct answer separates the population into different subgroups, or strata, and then samples all of these subgroups using a random sampling plan. four nonprobability samplings - correct answer convenience, judgement, referral, quota data matrix - correct answer Arrangement of rows and columns identical to a spreadsheet in Excel. data entry - correct answer refers to the creation of a computer file that holds the raw data taken from all of the questionnaires deemed suitable for analysis data coding - correct answer refers to the identification of codes that pertain to the possible responses for each question on the questionnaire Nonresponse - correct answer failure on the part of a prospective respondent to take part in the surveyor to answer specific questions on the questionnaire... major concern to researchers types of nonresponse - correct answer - refusal - break-offs - item omission Data Anylasis - correct answer accomplishes one or more of the following functions: (1) It summarizes the data, (2) it generalizes sample findings to the population, (3) it compares for meaningful differences, and (4) it relates underlying patterns. summarization analysis - correct answer describing the data in the sample with the use of percentages or averages (categorical) Generalization analysis - correct answer the researcher will conduct hypotheses tests and/or compute confidence intervals in order to make statements about the population that the sample represents. differences analysis - correct answer the researcher identifies a categorical variable (such as gender) and compares the groups rep-resented by that variable (males versus females) by analyzing their differences on a second variable relationship analysis - correct answer which seeks to find useful connections or associations among two or more variables under study. Variability - correct answer the expression of how similar respondents are to one another central tendency - correct answer typical response to the question categorical central tendency - correct answer mode (like female) categorical variability - correct answer frequency or percentage distribution (f 56%, m 44%) metric central tendency - correct answer average (45.4 y) metric variability - correct answer range and/or standard deviation (20 min 75 max) (std. dev. 6.3 y) standard deviation - correct answer indicates the degree of variability in the metric values in such a way as to be translatable into a normal or bell-shaped curve distribution. Generalization - correct answer the act of estimating a population fact from a sample finding two types of generalization evidence - correct answer (1) the variability (less is more evidence) and (2) the sample size (more is more evidence) Parameter - correct answer actual population value being estimated. pop parameters are greek letters while sampling findings are roman letters confidence interval - correct answer range (lower and upper boundary) into which the researcher believes the population parameter falls with an associated degree of confidence (typically 95% or 99%)