Introduction to Learning and Behavior- Chapter 7 Exam Questions Answered Correctly!! (Rated A+)
Schedule of Reinforcement - Answers the response requirement that must be met to obtain
reinforcement (i.e. what exactly has to be done for the reinforcer to be delivered; EXAMPLE: does the
rat receive a food pellet after just one lever press or multiple presses?).
Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) Schedule - Answers each specified response is reinforced; it is very
useful when a behavior is first being shaped or stengthened (i.e. every time the rat presses the lever, it
receives a food pellet, every time the dog rolls over, it gets a belly rub).
Intermittent (or partial) Reinforcement Schedule - Answers only some responses are reinforced; occurs
in everyday life (i.e. your mother only gave you a cookie some of the times that you asked her for one,
the rat only receives food some of the time it presses the lever)
4 types of Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules - Answers -fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and
variable interval
Schedule effects - Answers different effects on behavior produced by different response requirements.
Steady-State Behaviors - Answers stable patterns of behavior that emerge once the organism has had
sufficient exposure to the schedule.
Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedules - Answers reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of
responses (i.e. a rat has to press a food lever 5 times before it receives a food pellet)
Post Reinforcement Pause - Answers FR schedules produce a high rate of response along with a short
pause following the attainment of each reinforcer.
Break-Run pattern - Answers a short break followed by a steady run of responses (seen in fixed ratio
schedules). [ex. Rat presses lever 25 times, then eats pellet fast, takes a short break, and then returns to
pressing lever 25 times]
Ratio Strain - Answers a disruption in responding due to an overly demanding response requirement,
aka a burnout (i.e. going from an FR1 {also the same as a CRF} to an F2 to suddenly going to an F20).
Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule - Answers reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable
number of responses. (i.e. on a VR5 schedule, a rat must emit an average of 5 lever responses say
between 1-10 lever presses; So the first pellet may be awarded after 1 press, the 2nd after 8 presses, the
3rd after 4 presses, etc. so long as the average is every 5 presses.)
Variable Ratio's - Answers generally produce a high and steady rate of responses, often with little or no
post reinforcement pause.
Schedule of Reinforcement - Answers the response requirement that must be met to obtain
reinforcement (i.e. what exactly has to be done for the reinforcer to be delivered; EXAMPLE: does the
rat receive a food pellet after just one lever press or multiple presses?).
Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) Schedule - Answers each specified response is reinforced; it is very
useful when a behavior is first being shaped or stengthened (i.e. every time the rat presses the lever, it
receives a food pellet, every time the dog rolls over, it gets a belly rub).
Intermittent (or partial) Reinforcement Schedule - Answers only some responses are reinforced; occurs
in everyday life (i.e. your mother only gave you a cookie some of the times that you asked her for one,
the rat only receives food some of the time it presses the lever)
4 types of Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules - Answers -fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and
variable interval
Schedule effects - Answers different effects on behavior produced by different response requirements.
Steady-State Behaviors - Answers stable patterns of behavior that emerge once the organism has had
sufficient exposure to the schedule.
Fixed Ratio (FR) Schedules - Answers reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of
responses (i.e. a rat has to press a food lever 5 times before it receives a food pellet)
Post Reinforcement Pause - Answers FR schedules produce a high rate of response along with a short
pause following the attainment of each reinforcer.
Break-Run pattern - Answers a short break followed by a steady run of responses (seen in fixed ratio
schedules). [ex. Rat presses lever 25 times, then eats pellet fast, takes a short break, and then returns to
pressing lever 25 times]
Ratio Strain - Answers a disruption in responding due to an overly demanding response requirement,
aka a burnout (i.e. going from an FR1 {also the same as a CRF} to an F2 to suddenly going to an F20).
Variable Ratio (VR) Schedule - Answers reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable
number of responses. (i.e. on a VR5 schedule, a rat must emit an average of 5 lever responses say
between 1-10 lever presses; So the first pellet may be awarded after 1 press, the 2nd after 8 presses, the
3rd after 4 presses, etc. so long as the average is every 5 presses.)
Variable Ratio's - Answers generally produce a high and steady rate of responses, often with little or no
post reinforcement pause.
