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AHN 447 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS |ALREADY GRADED A+
LATEST UPDATE | 2024-2025
What MAP is required for adequate flow?
Ans
at least 60 mmHg
What do baroreceptors do?
Ans
they're stimulated with elevated BP; drop BP
What do chemoreceptors do?
Ans
sensitive to hypoxia; increases vasoconstriction to increase perfusion
What happens to the heart as one ages?
Ans
- valves thicken adn stiffen
- coronary arteries become harder and thicker
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What happens to the blood vessels as one ages?
Ans
- thicken/stiffen
- slow exchange of nutrients from blood and tissues
What happens to the blood as one ages?
Ans
- blood volume increases
- decrease in bone marrow production of RBC (decrease in H&H)
What is considered orthostatic hypotension?
Ans
systolic drop of 20 mmHg or diastolic drom of 10 mmHg with 10-20% increase in HR
What is the difference between S1 and S2?
Ans
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S1
- closure of AV valves
- best heard at the apex
- ventricular systole
S2
- closure of PV/AV
- best heard at the base
- diastole
What is the difference between S3 and S4?
Ans
S3
- faily normal under 35
- ventricular gallop
- early sign on HF
S4
- atrial gallop
- HTN, MI, Aortic or pulmonic stenosis
turbulent blood flow across the valves
Ans
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What is the "gold standard" fro diagnostics of cardiac damage and why?
Ans
Troponin 1; released with any myocardial damage; any troponin is abnormal and should be
treated as a cardiac event
Why is CK-mb not reliable for diagnosing cardiac issues?
Ans
can give a false positive because it can be found in multiple places
What are normal total cholesterol levels?
Ans
less than 200
What are normal HDL levels?
Ans
greater than 45 in men and greater than 55 in women
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