©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
MNO 3370 Exam 2 Study Guide.
Leaders vs. Managers - answer✔*Warren Bennis*: people are under led and over managed
*Bernard Bass*: Managers perform functions associated with planning, investigating,
organizing and control. Leaders idea with the interpersonal aspects, inspiring others, providing
emotional support and trying to rally employees.
*John Kotter*: Management is about coping with complexity, bringing order and consistency.
Leadership is about coping with change, provides vision and direction during the change.
Trait model - answer✔Attempted to *identify personal characteristics* that *cause effective
leadership*.
--Research shows certain personal characteristics do appear be connected to effective
leadership (*intelligence, confidence, maturity*)
--many traits are not possessed by all effective leaders.
*Great Person Theory*: (leaders are born)History was changed by singular individuals who
*used their charisma, intellect and wisdom to gain power*. Unsupported
Behavioral model - answer✔2 types of behavior that leaders use to influence:
1|Page
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*Consideration*: employee centered leadership behavior indicating that a manager trusts,
respects, and cares about subordinates
*Initiating Structure*: Job-oriented leadership behavior that managers engage in to ensure the
work gets done, subordinates perform their jobs acceptably, and the organization is efficient
and effective
Contingency Models - answer✔Fiedler's Model vs. House' Path-Goal Theory
Fiedler's Model - answer✔effective leadership is contingent on both...
*1. characteristics of the leader
2. the situation*
--*Leader style* is the enduring, characteristic approach to leadership that a manager uses and
doesn't change easily.
2 types of styles
3 Situation characteristics
Fiedler's Model
(2 types of styles) - answer✔*Relationship-Oriented Style*:
2|Page
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
leaders concerned with developing good relations with their subordinates and being liked by
them
--effective for moderately favorable situations
*Task-Oriented Style:*
leaders whose primary concern is to ensure that subordinates perform at a high level so the job
gets done
--effective for favorable or unfavorable situations
Fiedler's Model
(Situation Characteristics) - answer✔*1. Leader-member relations*
determines how much workers like and trust their leader
*2. Task Structure*
the extent to which workers tasks are clear-cut; clear issues make a situation favorable for
leadership
*3. Position-Power*
the amount of legitimate reward, and coercive power leader have due to their position.
3|Page
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
--When positional power is strong, leadership opportunity becomes more favorable.
*optimal when high in all 3*
House's Path-Goal Theory - answer✔--A contingency model of leadership
-- Proporses that effective leaders can motivate their subordinates by:
*1. Clearly identifying the outcomes* workers are trying to obtain from their jobs
*2. Rewarding* workers for high-performance and goal attainment with the outcomes they
desire
*3. Clarifying the paths* to the attainment of the goals
---removing obstacles to performance
---expressing confidence in a worker's ability
Motivating with Path Goal
(4 leadership behaviors) - answer✔*1. Directive* behaviors: set goals, assign tasks, show how
to do things
--for ambiguous(unstructured)/complex tasks OR new employees
*2. Supportive* behavior: look out for the worker's best interest
4|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
MNO 3370 Exam 2 Study Guide.
Leaders vs. Managers - answer✔*Warren Bennis*: people are under led and over managed
*Bernard Bass*: Managers perform functions associated with planning, investigating,
organizing and control. Leaders idea with the interpersonal aspects, inspiring others, providing
emotional support and trying to rally employees.
*John Kotter*: Management is about coping with complexity, bringing order and consistency.
Leadership is about coping with change, provides vision and direction during the change.
Trait model - answer✔Attempted to *identify personal characteristics* that *cause effective
leadership*.
--Research shows certain personal characteristics do appear be connected to effective
leadership (*intelligence, confidence, maturity*)
--many traits are not possessed by all effective leaders.
*Great Person Theory*: (leaders are born)History was changed by singular individuals who
*used their charisma, intellect and wisdom to gain power*. Unsupported
Behavioral model - answer✔2 types of behavior that leaders use to influence:
1|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
*Consideration*: employee centered leadership behavior indicating that a manager trusts,
respects, and cares about subordinates
*Initiating Structure*: Job-oriented leadership behavior that managers engage in to ensure the
work gets done, subordinates perform their jobs acceptably, and the organization is efficient
and effective
Contingency Models - answer✔Fiedler's Model vs. House' Path-Goal Theory
Fiedler's Model - answer✔effective leadership is contingent on both...
*1. characteristics of the leader
2. the situation*
--*Leader style* is the enduring, characteristic approach to leadership that a manager uses and
doesn't change easily.
2 types of styles
3 Situation characteristics
Fiedler's Model
(2 types of styles) - answer✔*Relationship-Oriented Style*:
2|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
leaders concerned with developing good relations with their subordinates and being liked by
them
--effective for moderately favorable situations
*Task-Oriented Style:*
leaders whose primary concern is to ensure that subordinates perform at a high level so the job
gets done
--effective for favorable or unfavorable situations
Fiedler's Model
(Situation Characteristics) - answer✔*1. Leader-member relations*
determines how much workers like and trust their leader
*2. Task Structure*
the extent to which workers tasks are clear-cut; clear issues make a situation favorable for
leadership
*3. Position-Power*
the amount of legitimate reward, and coercive power leader have due to their position.
3|Page
, ©BRAINBARTER EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
--When positional power is strong, leadership opportunity becomes more favorable.
*optimal when high in all 3*
House's Path-Goal Theory - answer✔--A contingency model of leadership
-- Proporses that effective leaders can motivate their subordinates by:
*1. Clearly identifying the outcomes* workers are trying to obtain from their jobs
*2. Rewarding* workers for high-performance and goal attainment with the outcomes they
desire
*3. Clarifying the paths* to the attainment of the goals
---removing obstacles to performance
---expressing confidence in a worker's ability
Motivating with Path Goal
(4 leadership behaviors) - answer✔*1. Directive* behaviors: set goals, assign tasks, show how
to do things
--for ambiguous(unstructured)/complex tasks OR new employees
*2. Supportive* behavior: look out for the worker's best interest
4|Page
