WGU C785 Exam Questions and
Answers
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - Answer-amino group (NH2 or
NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? -
Answer-Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH.
Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? - Answer-ionic,
hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? - Answer-Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into
helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain
interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? - Answer-hydrophobic - temperature change,
ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents
,what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? - Answer-hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding? - Answer-Extreme temp can cause hydrogen
bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? - Answer-Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form
= loses function. May form a different protein.
What is an electron? - Answer-Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy: - Answer-Power derived fro chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? - Answer-chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond? - Answer-bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond? - Answer-weak bond between positive and negative
with an amino? - Answer-piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl? - Answer-piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic? - Answer-Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic? - Answer-Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
, what is disulfide bond? - Answer-strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between SH's.
what are zwitterions? - Answer-amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide - Answer-polymer of amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis? - Answer-Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? - Answer-adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? - Answer-twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? - Answer-folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is denaturation? - Answer-loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme
salt, temp, pH
what is aggregation? - Answer-clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded proteins
leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? - Answer-bind with substrates to decrease activation energy
required and decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? - Answer-decrease activation energy and
decrease reaction rate
Answers
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - Answer-amino group (NH2 or
NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? -
Answer-Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH.
Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? - Answer-ionic,
hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? - Answer-Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into
helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain
interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? - Answer-hydrophobic - temperature change,
ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents
,what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? - Answer-hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding? - Answer-Extreme temp can cause hydrogen
bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? - Answer-Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form
= loses function. May form a different protein.
What is an electron? - Answer-Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy: - Answer-Power derived fro chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? - Answer-chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond? - Answer-bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond? - Answer-weak bond between positive and negative
with an amino? - Answer-piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl? - Answer-piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic? - Answer-Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic? - Answer-Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
, what is disulfide bond? - Answer-strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between SH's.
what are zwitterions? - Answer-amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of zero
what is a polypeptide - Answer-polymer of amino acids
What is dehydration synthesis? - Answer-Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? - Answer-adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? - Answer-twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? - Answer-folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is denaturation? - Answer-loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via extreme
salt, temp, pH
what is aggregation? - Answer-clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded proteins
leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? - Answer-bind with substrates to decrease activation energy
required and decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? - Answer-decrease activation energy and
decrease reaction rate
