NSG 3100 EXAM 3 REVIEW QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS ALL VERIFIED

Assessment for GI issues - ANS -daily activities -positioning -meds -intake and output -abdomen & bowel sounds -assessment of stool Assessment of Stool/ Feces - ANS -color -consistency -shape -amount -odor -constituents Instructions for Stool Collection - ANS -defecate in a clean bedpan or bedside commode -do not contaminate specimen with urine. Void before specimen collection -do not place toilet tissue in the bedpan because toilet paper can affect lab analysis -notify nurse as soon as possible so lab specimen can be sent immediately Reasons for Testing Feces - ANS -occult blood-use reagent. Blue + -analyze dietary products and digestive secretions -detect presence of ova and parasites -detect presence of bacteria or viruses Occult Blood - ANS -presence of blood could indicate ulcers, inflammation, or tumors Steatorrhea - ANS -fat in the stool which usually indicates a small intestine issue (poor absorption) Testing Dietary Proteins/Digestive Secretions - ANS -you must send the full sample, not just a small piece of it Ova and Parasites (O&P) - ANS -bring sample to lab immediately, while it is still warm! -usually need three stool specimens Testing for Bacteria - ANS -send immediately to lab and make sure you inform lab if patient is taking any antibiotics -make sure inside of container remains sterile/use aseptic technique Constipation - ANS -fewer than 3 bm's per week -complication: fecal impaction -patient teaching: -establish exercise regimen -include high-fiber foods such as vegetables, fruits, & whole grains -maintain fluid intake of 2,000- 3,000ml/day -do not ignore urge to defecate -avoid OTC medications that impair motility Diarrhea - ANS -passage of liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation -complication: fluid and electrolyte imbalance, skin breakdown -patient teaching: -eat foods with NA & K -increase soluble fiber such as rice, oatmeal, and skinless fruits and potatoes -avoid alcohol and caffeine -limit insoluble fiber such as whole wheat and whole grain -thoroughly clean and dry peri area -eat fermented dairy products such as yogurt -avoid drinking hot or cold beverages. Urine Specimen Clean-Void - ANS -used for routine urinalysis -best if using first morning void -need 10 mL label all specimens correctly Clean-Catch (mid-stream) - ANS -used for culture & sensitivity -must clean well with antiseptic before urinating -hold labia apart while urinating -start urine stream and then place container under -send specimen to lab within 15 minutes. Timed Urine Specimen-24-Hour - ANS -discard first urine and then save all produced urine during the specified timeframe -put urine on ice or in refrigerator (not with food) -if a client accidentally forgets a void, you must start the collection over again from beginning-new container, etc. Reasons for Testing Urine - ANS -specific gravity -pH (normal is 6) -glucose (screening for diabetes) -ketones (found in poorly controlled diabetes) -protein (could indicate kidney issue such as glomerulonephritis) -occult blood (indicative of kidney or urinary tract damage) -osmolality (more exact measure of solute concentration than specific gravity) Condom Catheter - ANS -swelling or excoriation would contraindicate the use of a condom catheter. -choose the correct size -perform hand hygiene, provide privacy. -clean the genital area and thoroughly dry -apply the condom by rolling it smoothly over the penis, leaving 1 inch between the end of the penis and the connecting tube. -securely attach the urinary drainage system -attach the bag to the frame of the bed -remove gloves and wash hands -monitor output