Midterm Practice Exam) NR 565 midterm: Advanced
pharmacology: MOCK practice Exam
Used in children aged 9-11 and 19-21, and adults every 5 years after 20, with greater risk for those with
diabetes and a risk score >7.5% - ANSWER:ASCVD Risk Score
Can be used in pregnancy/breastfeeding, as monotherapy or adjunct therapy with a statin or fibrate -
ANSWER:Ezetimibe Use
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor that lowers cholesterol levels by decreasing absorption from the small
intestine, without affecting triglycerides - ANSWER:Ezetimibe
Non-drug measures to lower LDL, including diet, exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation -
ANSWER:Lifestyle Changes for High Cholesterol
Non-statins like fibrates, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants, or statins for generally well-tolerated side
effects - ANSWER:Minimizing Side Effects
Direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, dilation of coronary vessels, reduction of preload and
afterload, and promotion of vasodilation - ANSWER:Organic Nitrates Therapeutic Action
Inhibited by CYP3A4 inhibitors, increasing the risk of torsades de pointes, including grapefruit juice, HIV
protease inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, and some CCB - ANSWER:Ranolazine
Contraindications
Avoid in children under 10 - ANSWER:Statin Prescription Age
Promotes relaxation of coronary artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen supply - ANSWER:CCB Role in
Variant Angina
Aldosterone antagonist that promotes myocardial remodeling and fibrosis to help with symptoms -
ANSWER:HF Worsening Symptoms Medication
Promotes relaxation of peripheral arterioles, decreasing afterload and reducing cardiac oxygen demand -
ANSWER:CCB Stable Angina
Prescribe a BB to help with increased heart rate - ANSWER:Nitro Patches Side Effect Response
When not used correctly, they lead to increased side effects, adverse reactions, and toxicity -
ANSWER:CYP450 Inhibitors and Reducers
In patients with infrequent flareups (less than three per year), NSAIDs are the first line agent for relieving
pain - ANSWER:Gouty Arthritis Treatment Decision
Prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone) or make dietary changes - ANSWER:Gouty Arthritis NSAID
Ineffectiveness
Considered for long term treatment if a person has three or more gouty attacks per year -
ANSWER:Colchicine Long Term Treatment
, Should not be taken with statins or CYP3A4 inhibitors - ANSWER:Colchicine Contraindications
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myelosuppression, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis - ANSWER:Colchicine
Adverse Effects
Can lead to severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) with symptoms like rash, fever, eosinophilia, and
liver and kidney function issues - ANSWER:Allopurinol Long Term Effect
Should be co-administered with NSAIDs or colchicine - ANSWER:Febuxostat Co-Administration
Erosion and irreversible joint damage, renal damage, and tophi formation - ANSWER:Untreated Gout
Complications
Minimize risk of esophagitis by swallowing the pill whole with a full glass of water, then sitting up for at
least 30 min, and taking the med 30 min prior to other intake - ANSWER:Alendronate Patient Education
Interferes with calcium, magnesium, and iron absorption - ANSWER:Ibandronate Dietary Supplement
Interference
Alendronate is the first line treatment - ANSWER:Osteoporosis 1st Line Treatment
Safe to use in patients with renal dysfunction or who over produce uric acid - ANSWER:Allopurinol Safety
in Renal Dysfunction
Includes CBC with WBC differential, s/s of infection, malignancies, pregnancy rule out, ALT, AST, serum
creatinine, comprehensive history and physical exam, and assessment of immunocompetence and liver
and renal status - ANSWER:DMARDs Baseline Diagnostics
Includes chest x-ray with emphasis on pulmonary and GI status - ANSWER:Methotrexate Baseline Data
Hydroxychloroquine - ANSWER:DMARD Requiring Ophthalmologic and Cardiac Exam
Risk for venous thromboembolic events (DVT, PE, stroke) - ANSWER:Raloxifene Black Box Warning
Reinforcing properties of drugs, physical and physiological dependence, social factors, drug availability,
individual vulnerability, impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and specific personality disorders -
ANSWER:Controlled Substance Addiction Predictors
Adjuvant analgesic for neuropathic pain, effective in diabetic neuropathy, seizures, central neuropathy,
postherpetic neuralgia, and fibromyalgia - ANSWER:Pregabalin Chronic Pain Treatment
Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, blurred vision, and difficulty thinking - ANSWER:Pregabalin
Adverse Effects
Linked to COX-2 inhibitors and NSAIDs - ANSWER:GI Bleeding Link
Start taking this medicine at the first sign of the attack for best results, stop taking this medicine as soon
as the pain is relieved or at the first sign of nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea -
ANSWER:Colchicine Patient Education
Methotrexate, leflunomide, and biologics like anti-TNF agents, rituximab, and abatacept - ANSWER:RA
High Risk Drugs in Pregnancy
pharmacology: MOCK practice Exam
Used in children aged 9-11 and 19-21, and adults every 5 years after 20, with greater risk for those with
diabetes and a risk score >7.5% - ANSWER:ASCVD Risk Score
Can be used in pregnancy/breastfeeding, as monotherapy or adjunct therapy with a statin or fibrate -
ANSWER:Ezetimibe Use
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor that lowers cholesterol levels by decreasing absorption from the small
intestine, without affecting triglycerides - ANSWER:Ezetimibe
Non-drug measures to lower LDL, including diet, exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation -
ANSWER:Lifestyle Changes for High Cholesterol
Non-statins like fibrates, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants, or statins for generally well-tolerated side
effects - ANSWER:Minimizing Side Effects
Direct relaxant effect on vascular smooth muscles, dilation of coronary vessels, reduction of preload and
afterload, and promotion of vasodilation - ANSWER:Organic Nitrates Therapeutic Action
Inhibited by CYP3A4 inhibitors, increasing the risk of torsades de pointes, including grapefruit juice, HIV
protease inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics, azole antifungal drugs, and some CCB - ANSWER:Ranolazine
Contraindications
Avoid in children under 10 - ANSWER:Statin Prescription Age
Promotes relaxation of coronary artery spasm, increasing cardiac oxygen supply - ANSWER:CCB Role in
Variant Angina
Aldosterone antagonist that promotes myocardial remodeling and fibrosis to help with symptoms -
ANSWER:HF Worsening Symptoms Medication
Promotes relaxation of peripheral arterioles, decreasing afterload and reducing cardiac oxygen demand -
ANSWER:CCB Stable Angina
Prescribe a BB to help with increased heart rate - ANSWER:Nitro Patches Side Effect Response
When not used correctly, they lead to increased side effects, adverse reactions, and toxicity -
ANSWER:CYP450 Inhibitors and Reducers
In patients with infrequent flareups (less than three per year), NSAIDs are the first line agent for relieving
pain - ANSWER:Gouty Arthritis Treatment Decision
Prescribe a glucocorticoid (prednisone) or make dietary changes - ANSWER:Gouty Arthritis NSAID
Ineffectiveness
Considered for long term treatment if a person has three or more gouty attacks per year -
ANSWER:Colchicine Long Term Treatment
, Should not be taken with statins or CYP3A4 inhibitors - ANSWER:Colchicine Contraindications
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, myelosuppression, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis - ANSWER:Colchicine
Adverse Effects
Can lead to severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) with symptoms like rash, fever, eosinophilia, and
liver and kidney function issues - ANSWER:Allopurinol Long Term Effect
Should be co-administered with NSAIDs or colchicine - ANSWER:Febuxostat Co-Administration
Erosion and irreversible joint damage, renal damage, and tophi formation - ANSWER:Untreated Gout
Complications
Minimize risk of esophagitis by swallowing the pill whole with a full glass of water, then sitting up for at
least 30 min, and taking the med 30 min prior to other intake - ANSWER:Alendronate Patient Education
Interferes with calcium, magnesium, and iron absorption - ANSWER:Ibandronate Dietary Supplement
Interference
Alendronate is the first line treatment - ANSWER:Osteoporosis 1st Line Treatment
Safe to use in patients with renal dysfunction or who over produce uric acid - ANSWER:Allopurinol Safety
in Renal Dysfunction
Includes CBC with WBC differential, s/s of infection, malignancies, pregnancy rule out, ALT, AST, serum
creatinine, comprehensive history and physical exam, and assessment of immunocompetence and liver
and renal status - ANSWER:DMARDs Baseline Diagnostics
Includes chest x-ray with emphasis on pulmonary and GI status - ANSWER:Methotrexate Baseline Data
Hydroxychloroquine - ANSWER:DMARD Requiring Ophthalmologic and Cardiac Exam
Risk for venous thromboembolic events (DVT, PE, stroke) - ANSWER:Raloxifene Black Box Warning
Reinforcing properties of drugs, physical and physiological dependence, social factors, drug availability,
individual vulnerability, impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration, and specific personality disorders -
ANSWER:Controlled Substance Addiction Predictors
Adjuvant analgesic for neuropathic pain, effective in diabetic neuropathy, seizures, central neuropathy,
postherpetic neuralgia, and fibromyalgia - ANSWER:Pregabalin Chronic Pain Treatment
Sedation, drowsiness, dizziness, ataxia, blurred vision, and difficulty thinking - ANSWER:Pregabalin
Adverse Effects
Linked to COX-2 inhibitors and NSAIDs - ANSWER:GI Bleeding Link
Start taking this medicine at the first sign of the attack for best results, stop taking this medicine as soon
as the pain is relieved or at the first sign of nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea -
ANSWER:Colchicine Patient Education
Methotrexate, leflunomide, and biologics like anti-TNF agents, rituximab, and abatacept - ANSWER:RA
High Risk Drugs in Pregnancy
