C715 Organizational Behavior Exam Study Guide
Gordon Allport said personality is "the dynamic organization within the individual of those
psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment" -
ANSWER:PERSONALITY
factors determined at conception. - ANSWER:HEREDITY
the most widely used personality assessment in the world. Includes scales on introversion/extroversion,
sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling and judging/perceiving. - ANSWER:MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR
personality typing instrument which includes extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional
stability, openness to experience. - ANSWER:THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY MODEL
the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes the end
justifies the means. - ANSWER:MACHIAVELLIANISM (Mach)
the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration,
and have a sense of entitlement. - ANSWER:NARCISSISM
a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors. - ANSWER:SELF-MONITORING
people identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
- ANSWER:PROACTIVE PERSONALITY
basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially
preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence - ANSWER:VALUES
desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime -
ANSWER:TERMINAL VALUES
preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's terminal values - ANSWER:INSTRUMENTAL
VALUES
a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions
and organizations is distributed unequally. - ANSWER:POWER DISTANCE
a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning
to their environment. - ANSWER:PERCEPTION
an attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused. -
ANSWER:ATTRIBUTION THEORY
the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of
internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others. - ANSWER:FUNDAMENTAL
ATTRIBUTION ERROR
, the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for
failures on external factors. - ANSWER:SELF-SERVING BIAS
the tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one's interests, background,
experience and attitude. - ANSWER:SELECTIVE PERCEPTION
the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. -
ANSWER:HALO EFFECT
evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently
encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. - ANSWER:CONTRAST EFFECT
judging someone on the basis on one's perception of the group to which that person belongs. -
ANSWER:STEREOTYPING
a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations
cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception. - ANSWER:SELF-
FULFILLING PROPHECY
a decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some
outcomes. - ANSWER:RATIONAL DECISION- MAKING MODEL
a process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that the essential features from
problems without capturing all their complexity. - ANSWER:BOUNDED RATIONALITY
an unconscious process distilled out of distilled experience. - ANSWER:INTUITION DECISION-MAKING
a tendency to fixate on initial information from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent
information. - ANSWER:ANCHORING BIAS
the tendency to seek out information that reaffirms
past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments. - ANSWER:CONFIRMATION
BIAS
the tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome even if the riskier
outcome might have a higher expected payoff. - ANSWER:RISK AVERSION
the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward
attaining a goal. - ANSWER:MOTIVATION
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of 5 needs -physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization- in
which, as each need is
substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. - ANSWER:HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
needs that are satisfied externally, such as physiological and safety needs. - ANSWER:LOWER ORDER
NEEDS
the drive to become what a person is capable of becoming. - ANSWER:SELF-ACTUALIZATION
Gordon Allport said personality is "the dynamic organization within the individual of those
psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment" -
ANSWER:PERSONALITY
factors determined at conception. - ANSWER:HEREDITY
the most widely used personality assessment in the world. Includes scales on introversion/extroversion,
sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling and judging/perceiving. - ANSWER:MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR
personality typing instrument which includes extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional
stability, openness to experience. - ANSWER:THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY MODEL
the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes the end
justifies the means. - ANSWER:MACHIAVELLIANISM (Mach)
the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration,
and have a sense of entitlement. - ANSWER:NARCISSISM
a personality trait that measures an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors. - ANSWER:SELF-MONITORING
people identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
- ANSWER:PROACTIVE PERSONALITY
basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially
preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence - ANSWER:VALUES
desirable end-states of existence; the goals a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime -
ANSWER:TERMINAL VALUES
preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one's terminal values - ANSWER:INSTRUMENTAL
VALUES
a national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions
and organizations is distributed unequally. - ANSWER:POWER DISTANCE
a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning
to their environment. - ANSWER:PERCEPTION
an attempt to determine whether an individual's behavior is internally or externally caused. -
ANSWER:ATTRIBUTION THEORY
the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of
internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others. - ANSWER:FUNDAMENTAL
ATTRIBUTION ERROR
, the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors and put the blame for
failures on external factors. - ANSWER:SELF-SERVING BIAS
the tendency to selectively interpret what one sees on the basis of one's interests, background,
experience and attitude. - ANSWER:SELECTIVE PERCEPTION
the tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic. -
ANSWER:HALO EFFECT
evaluation of a person's characteristics that is affected by comparisons with other people recently
encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. - ANSWER:CONTRAST EFFECT
judging someone on the basis on one's perception of the group to which that person belongs. -
ANSWER:STEREOTYPING
a situation in which a person inaccurately perceives a second person, and the resulting expectations
cause the second person to behave in ways consistent with the original perception. - ANSWER:SELF-
FULFILLING PROPHECY
a decision-making model that describes how individuals should behave in order to maximize some
outcomes. - ANSWER:RATIONAL DECISION- MAKING MODEL
a process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that the essential features from
problems without capturing all their complexity. - ANSWER:BOUNDED RATIONALITY
an unconscious process distilled out of distilled experience. - ANSWER:INTUITION DECISION-MAKING
a tendency to fixate on initial information from which one then fails to adequately adjust for subsequent
information. - ANSWER:ANCHORING BIAS
the tendency to seek out information that reaffirms
past choices and to discount information that contradicts past judgments. - ANSWER:CONFIRMATION
BIAS
the tendency to prefer a sure gain of a moderate amount over a riskier outcome even if the riskier
outcome might have a higher expected payoff. - ANSWER:RISK AVERSION
the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction and persistence of effort toward
attaining a goal. - ANSWER:MOTIVATION
Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of 5 needs -physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization- in
which, as each need is
substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant. - ANSWER:HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
needs that are satisfied externally, such as physiological and safety needs. - ANSWER:LOWER ORDER
NEEDS
the drive to become what a person is capable of becoming. - ANSWER:SELF-ACTUALIZATION
