PHRM 4200- Solutions
Exam Study Set
Are gel caps solutions? - Answer yes; the drug is in solution
What are the 5 advantages of solutions? - Answer - special populations/difficulty
swallowing tablets
- different routes of administration
- dose adjustment is easier
- drug is already in solution (bioavailability)
- flavoring
What are the 5 disadvantages of solutions? - Answer - stability (physical, chemical,
microorganisms)
- dose inaccuracy (measuring, mixing)
- storage (bulky)
- incompatibilities due to liquid form
- taste
Define solution. - Answer a homogenous mixture of 2 or more components that form a
single phase
Define phase. - Answer a homogenous, physically distinct portion of a system that is
separated from the other portions by bounding surfaces
Define solvent. - Answer determines the phase of the system and present in the greatest
amount
Define solute. - Answer dispersed molecules or ions within the solvent (lower amount)
What determines the phase of a system? - Answer solvent
Solutions can be formed from ____ states of matter. - Answer all 3
What is an example of a gas solution? - Answer air
What type of solution is carbonation? - Answer liquid solution with gas solute
What are the 2 types of solutes that form a true solution? - Answer electrolytes and
, nonelectrolytes
What are the characteristics of electrolytes?x2 - Answer - form ions in solution (ionize)
- conduct electricity
Is glucose an electrolyte? - Answer no; nonelectrolyte
Is megestrol acetate an electrolyte? - Answer no; nonelectrolyte
Is acetylsalicylic acid an electrolyte? - Answer yes
Is acetaminophen an electrolyte? - Answer yes
What are the 2 pharmaceutical solvents? - Answer purified water and alcohol USP
hydrophilic
What are the 3 pharmaceutical co-solvents? - Answer glycerin, propylene glycol, and
alcohol
less hydrophilic
Define syrup. - Answer concentrated aqueous preparations of sugar
Define elixir. - Answer sweetened hydroalcoholic solution
Define tincture. - Answer alcoholic (15-80%) or hydroalcoholic solution
What are the 6 additives to solutions? - Answer co-solvents, viscosity agents,
sweeteners, preservatives, flavor, colorant
Define concentration. - Answer conveys the amount of solute relative to the amount of
either solvent or solution
What are the qualitative ways to describe concentration? - Answer dilute/weak,
concentrated/strong
What are the quantitative ways to describe concentration? - Answer molarity, morality,
mole fraction, percent composition
Molarity - Answer M = (moles of solute)/(L of solution)
How do you make a solution with a certain molarity? - Answer add moles of solute and
qs to 1L
Does molarity change with heat? - Answer yes - liquid expands
Molality - Answer m = (moles of solute)/(kg of solvent)
How do you make a solution with a certain molality? - Answer combine moles of solute
and 1kg of solvent (not qs)
Exam Study Set
Are gel caps solutions? - Answer yes; the drug is in solution
What are the 5 advantages of solutions? - Answer - special populations/difficulty
swallowing tablets
- different routes of administration
- dose adjustment is easier
- drug is already in solution (bioavailability)
- flavoring
What are the 5 disadvantages of solutions? - Answer - stability (physical, chemical,
microorganisms)
- dose inaccuracy (measuring, mixing)
- storage (bulky)
- incompatibilities due to liquid form
- taste
Define solution. - Answer a homogenous mixture of 2 or more components that form a
single phase
Define phase. - Answer a homogenous, physically distinct portion of a system that is
separated from the other portions by bounding surfaces
Define solvent. - Answer determines the phase of the system and present in the greatest
amount
Define solute. - Answer dispersed molecules or ions within the solvent (lower amount)
What determines the phase of a system? - Answer solvent
Solutions can be formed from ____ states of matter. - Answer all 3
What is an example of a gas solution? - Answer air
What type of solution is carbonation? - Answer liquid solution with gas solute
What are the 2 types of solutes that form a true solution? - Answer electrolytes and
, nonelectrolytes
What are the characteristics of electrolytes?x2 - Answer - form ions in solution (ionize)
- conduct electricity
Is glucose an electrolyte? - Answer no; nonelectrolyte
Is megestrol acetate an electrolyte? - Answer no; nonelectrolyte
Is acetylsalicylic acid an electrolyte? - Answer yes
Is acetaminophen an electrolyte? - Answer yes
What are the 2 pharmaceutical solvents? - Answer purified water and alcohol USP
hydrophilic
What are the 3 pharmaceutical co-solvents? - Answer glycerin, propylene glycol, and
alcohol
less hydrophilic
Define syrup. - Answer concentrated aqueous preparations of sugar
Define elixir. - Answer sweetened hydroalcoholic solution
Define tincture. - Answer alcoholic (15-80%) or hydroalcoholic solution
What are the 6 additives to solutions? - Answer co-solvents, viscosity agents,
sweeteners, preservatives, flavor, colorant
Define concentration. - Answer conveys the amount of solute relative to the amount of
either solvent or solution
What are the qualitative ways to describe concentration? - Answer dilute/weak,
concentrated/strong
What are the quantitative ways to describe concentration? - Answer molarity, morality,
mole fraction, percent composition
Molarity - Answer M = (moles of solute)/(L of solution)
How do you make a solution with a certain molarity? - Answer add moles of solute and
qs to 1L
Does molarity change with heat? - Answer yes - liquid expands
Molality - Answer m = (moles of solute)/(kg of solvent)
How do you make a solution with a certain molality? - Answer combine moles of solute
and 1kg of solvent (not qs)
