©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BSNC 5000: Module 1 Pediatrics Exam
Study Guide.
Infants Neurological - answer✔Open sutures
Thinner cranial bones
Cognition and psychological development
Prone to injury as babies can't withdrawal from pain
Immature nervous system
Language under developed
Infant risks to due neurological factors - answer✔Brain injuries
Bulging fontanelles = incr intracranial pressure (cerebral edema)
Sunken fontanelles = dehydration
Infant Head-ears-eyes-nose-throat - answer✔Anterior Fontenelle still not fused (12-18Months)
Posterior may be fused or open (usually closes by 2 months)
Large and heavy head
Weak neck muscles
Large tongue
Epiglottis is floppy and U shape
Larynx is more anterior and higher (2nd and 3rd vertebrae)
Cricoid cartilage is narrower, trachea is like a funnel
Short Trachea
Developing vision
Narrower nasal passages
Infant risks due to Head-ears-eyes-nose-throat - answer✔Head injury as it will go down first
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, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Less control of head too
Poor vision until about 6 months
Infant Respiratory - answer✔As baby matures resp rate will become regular
Trachea and chest wall more compliant
Bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and narrower
Fewer alveoli
Tidal Vol smaller
Higher metabolic rater & O2 consumption
Chest wall thinner and thorax smaller
Ribs cartilaginous and more horizontal
Intercoastal muscles immature
Nose breather till 3-4 months
Diaphragm major muscle in breathing
Infant risk due to respiratory - answer✔Airway obstructions (foreign bodies, swelling, tongue)
High larynx = decr visualization
Cartilaginous airway makes it easier to collapse and obstruct
If stomach full, decr the diaphragm to contract
Inspiration lungs only move up (no out)
Shorter trachea can dislodge the endotracheal tube
Difficult to locate sounds on auscultation
Infant Cardiovascular - answer✔Peripheral capillaries closer to surface
Slow response to vasoconstriction
More surface area
Higher circulating Blood vol
Incr TBW
Stroke vol limited
More subcutaneous fat
2|Page
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
BSNC 5000: Module 1 Pediatrics Exam
Study Guide.
Infants Neurological - answer✔Open sutures
Thinner cranial bones
Cognition and psychological development
Prone to injury as babies can't withdrawal from pain
Immature nervous system
Language under developed
Infant risks to due neurological factors - answer✔Brain injuries
Bulging fontanelles = incr intracranial pressure (cerebral edema)
Sunken fontanelles = dehydration
Infant Head-ears-eyes-nose-throat - answer✔Anterior Fontenelle still not fused (12-18Months)
Posterior may be fused or open (usually closes by 2 months)
Large and heavy head
Weak neck muscles
Large tongue
Epiglottis is floppy and U shape
Larynx is more anterior and higher (2nd and 3rd vertebrae)
Cricoid cartilage is narrower, trachea is like a funnel
Short Trachea
Developing vision
Narrower nasal passages
Infant risks due to Head-ears-eyes-nose-throat - answer✔Head injury as it will go down first
1|Page
, ©FYNDLAY EXAM SOLUTIONS 2024/2025
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Less control of head too
Poor vision until about 6 months
Infant Respiratory - answer✔As baby matures resp rate will become regular
Trachea and chest wall more compliant
Bronchi and bronchioles are shorter and narrower
Fewer alveoli
Tidal Vol smaller
Higher metabolic rater & O2 consumption
Chest wall thinner and thorax smaller
Ribs cartilaginous and more horizontal
Intercoastal muscles immature
Nose breather till 3-4 months
Diaphragm major muscle in breathing
Infant risk due to respiratory - answer✔Airway obstructions (foreign bodies, swelling, tongue)
High larynx = decr visualization
Cartilaginous airway makes it easier to collapse and obstruct
If stomach full, decr the diaphragm to contract
Inspiration lungs only move up (no out)
Shorter trachea can dislodge the endotracheal tube
Difficult to locate sounds on auscultation
Infant Cardiovascular - answer✔Peripheral capillaries closer to surface
Slow response to vasoconstriction
More surface area
Higher circulating Blood vol
Incr TBW
Stroke vol limited
More subcutaneous fat
2|Page
