Erth101 Exam 2 Guide With
Complete Solution
Scientists who study the geologic record of global climate change infer that
accelerated weathering resulting from uplift of the Himalayan range and
Tibetan Plateau is causing a global decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide
that is, in turn, cooling the atmosphere over millions of years. - ANSWER true
When overlying pressure is released by tectonic forces or by erosion, it
causes rock to break. This pressure release leads to - ANSWER joints
What percentage of Earth's atmosphere is carbon dioxide? - ANSWER 0.2%
The variables that most affect the weathering process are rock composition
and - ANSWER climate
What is the most important weathering process from the standpoint of
reducing carbon dioxide levels - ANSWER hydrolysis of continental silicate
minerals
Clays are phyllosilicates, meaning their crystalline structure consist of layers
of _______ organized in sheets - ANSWER silica tetrahedra
What is the building of mountain ranges by continental collision called -
ANSWER orogenesis
Which minerals formed at high temperatures and pressures, are the first to
crystallize in a cooling magma chamber, and among the least stable on
Earth's surface, where the environment differs most from their environment
of crystallization - ANSWER Mafic and Ultramafic
,Because of negligible rainfall, little organic matter, and low biological
activity, arid climate soils are composed of all of the following, except -
ANSWER humus
Which of the following is a reddish soil that is an important source of
aluminum - ANSWER bauxite
Most chemical weathering is the result of water interacting with minerals in a
rock - ANSWER true
Carbon dioxide increases the acidity of water to create ______, which is an
effective chemical weathering agent that causes hydrolysis, dissolution, and
oxidation - ANSWER carbonic acid
What is the most common chemical weathering process? - ANSWER
hydrolisis
How do burrowing organisms aid in the biological weathering process -
ANSWER They produce carbon dioxide.
They overturn and mix soil particles.
They increase porosity.
They increase soil moisture content.
All of these are aided by burrowing organisms in the weathering process.
What mineral does hydrolysis break down to make clay - ANSWER feldspar
Why are members of the clay mineral group abundant in soils and
sedimentary rocks - ANSWER they are the last to break down chemically at
Earth's surface
Chemical weathering is the chemical decomposition of minerals in rock. This
, process may result in the formation of the following, except: - ANSWER new
igneous minerals
What are the important biological weathering processes? - ANSWER
movement and mixing of materials
simple breaking of particles
production of carbon dioxide by animal respiration or organic decay
changes in moisture content of soils
all of the above
Rocks with unusual shapes and "fluted" or flat faces may have been abraded
by wind-blown sediment. Such rocks are called: - ANSWER ventifacts
Physical weathering: - ANSWER increases the surface area of rocks
increases a rock's vulnerability to chemical deterioration
changes the appearance of Earth's surface
is a result of pressure release
all of these
Soils in humid tropical climates are subject to intense chemical weathering,
and are largely composed of: - ANSWER insoluble residues
Felsic minerals are among the most stable on Earth, where the environment is
most similar to the environment of their crystallization. - ANSWER true
What is the major weathering process affecting the crust in cold climates? -
ANSWER ice wedging
Complete Solution
Scientists who study the geologic record of global climate change infer that
accelerated weathering resulting from uplift of the Himalayan range and
Tibetan Plateau is causing a global decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide
that is, in turn, cooling the atmosphere over millions of years. - ANSWER true
When overlying pressure is released by tectonic forces or by erosion, it
causes rock to break. This pressure release leads to - ANSWER joints
What percentage of Earth's atmosphere is carbon dioxide? - ANSWER 0.2%
The variables that most affect the weathering process are rock composition
and - ANSWER climate
What is the most important weathering process from the standpoint of
reducing carbon dioxide levels - ANSWER hydrolysis of continental silicate
minerals
Clays are phyllosilicates, meaning their crystalline structure consist of layers
of _______ organized in sheets - ANSWER silica tetrahedra
What is the building of mountain ranges by continental collision called -
ANSWER orogenesis
Which minerals formed at high temperatures and pressures, are the first to
crystallize in a cooling magma chamber, and among the least stable on
Earth's surface, where the environment differs most from their environment
of crystallization - ANSWER Mafic and Ultramafic
,Because of negligible rainfall, little organic matter, and low biological
activity, arid climate soils are composed of all of the following, except -
ANSWER humus
Which of the following is a reddish soil that is an important source of
aluminum - ANSWER bauxite
Most chemical weathering is the result of water interacting with minerals in a
rock - ANSWER true
Carbon dioxide increases the acidity of water to create ______, which is an
effective chemical weathering agent that causes hydrolysis, dissolution, and
oxidation - ANSWER carbonic acid
What is the most common chemical weathering process? - ANSWER
hydrolisis
How do burrowing organisms aid in the biological weathering process -
ANSWER They produce carbon dioxide.
They overturn and mix soil particles.
They increase porosity.
They increase soil moisture content.
All of these are aided by burrowing organisms in the weathering process.
What mineral does hydrolysis break down to make clay - ANSWER feldspar
Why are members of the clay mineral group abundant in soils and
sedimentary rocks - ANSWER they are the last to break down chemically at
Earth's surface
Chemical weathering is the chemical decomposition of minerals in rock. This
, process may result in the formation of the following, except: - ANSWER new
igneous minerals
What are the important biological weathering processes? - ANSWER
movement and mixing of materials
simple breaking of particles
production of carbon dioxide by animal respiration or organic decay
changes in moisture content of soils
all of the above
Rocks with unusual shapes and "fluted" or flat faces may have been abraded
by wind-blown sediment. Such rocks are called: - ANSWER ventifacts
Physical weathering: - ANSWER increases the surface area of rocks
increases a rock's vulnerability to chemical deterioration
changes the appearance of Earth's surface
is a result of pressure release
all of these
Soils in humid tropical climates are subject to intense chemical weathering,
and are largely composed of: - ANSWER insoluble residues
Felsic minerals are among the most stable on Earth, where the environment is
most similar to the environment of their crystallization. - ANSWER true
What is the major weathering process affecting the crust in cold climates? -
ANSWER ice wedging
