EXAM 1 (CHAPTERS 1-4) BIO 1033
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
scientificymethody-yanswer--
theyprocessyofyscienceydealsywithyvariationyprimarilyythroughyanyorganizedysequencey
ofystepsythatymaintainyasymuchyobjectivityyandyrepeatabilityyasypossible.yTheseyloosely
-organizedystepsyareycalledy______________yandyvaryyfromysituationytoysituation
Theystepsyofyscientificymethody-yanswer--1.yMakeyinsightfulyobservations
2.yposeyandyclarifyytestableyquestions
3.yformulateyhypotheses
4.ydoyexperimentsytoygatherydata
5.yquantifyytheydata
6.yrefineyhypothesesyandyretest
7.yanswerytheyquestionsyandymakeyconclusions
hypothesisy-yanswer--
aystatementythatyclearlyystatesytheyrelationshipybetweenybiologicalyvariables.
ayhypothesisyisyanyideayaboutyhowysomethingyworksythatycanybeytestedyusingyexperim
ents.yaypredictionysaysywhatywillyhappenyinyanyexperimentyifytheyhypothesisyisycorrect.y
-yanswer--howydoyhypothesisyandypredictionydiffer?
controlygroupy-yanswer--
doesynotyreceiveytreatmentyinyanyexperiment.yservesyasyaycomparisonygroupyforytheytr
eatments.
experimentalygroupy-yanswer--
theygroupyinyaystudyythatyreceivedytheytreatmentyinyanyexperiment
geneytheoryy-yanswer--
theoryythatytraitsyareypassedyfromyparentsytoyoffspringythroughygeneytransmission
Deoxyribonucleicyacidy(DNA)yisyaymoleculeythatycarriesytheygeneticyinformationyforythey
developmentyandyfunctioningyofyanyorganism.yItyisymadeyofytwoylinkedystrandsythatywin
dyaroundyeach.yItycontainsyfourybuildingyblocksycalledynucleotide:yadenine,ythymine,ygu
anine,yandycytosine-
yATyandyGTyforceychemicalybondsycalledybaseypairsywhichyconnectytheytwoystrands.y-
yanswer--WhatyisyDNAyandywhatydoesyitycontain?
ecologyy-yanswer--
theybranchyofybiologyythatydealsywithytheyrelationsyofyorganismsytoyoneyanotheryandytoyt
heiryphysicalysurroundings.
,exypopulation-
ytheystudyyofyinfectiousydiseaseypatternsyinytheyhumanypopulation,ycommunity-
yforestycommunity,yandyecosystem-
ytheyrelationshipsybetweenytheyaquaticyenvironmentyandytheyplantsyandyanimalsythatyc
allyityhome
taxonomyy-yanswer--
ayscienceythatydealsywithynaming,ydescribingyandyclassificationyofyallylivingyorganismsyi
ncludingyplants
kingdom,yphylum,yclass,yorder,yfamily,ygenus,yspeciesy(KPCOFGS)y-yanswer--
whatyisytheyorderyofytaxonomicyhierarchiesy(fromymostygeneralytoymostyspecific)
biologicalynomenclaturey-yanswer--
formalysystemyofynamingyspeciesyofylivingythingsybyygivingyeachyaynameycomposedyofy
twoyparts
theyfirstynameyisygenus,ytheysecondywordyisyspeciesy-yanswer--
whatyareytheytwoynamesyinynomenclatureygivenytoyanyorganism
Bacteria,yArchaea,yEukaryay-yanswer--whatyareytheythreeydomainsyofylife?
bacteria:yprokaryoticyorganismsybelong;ycellsydoynotycontainyaynucleus
Archae:yprokaryoticyorganismsyeitherybelong;ycellsydoynotycontainyaynucleus;ytheyyhav
eyaydifferentycellywallyfromybacteria
Eukarya:yorganismsywithyeukaryoticycells;ycellsycontainyaynucleusy-yanswer--
giveyexamplesyofyorganismsybelongingytoyeachydomain
BacteriayandyArchaeay-yanswer--prokaryotesyfallyintoywhichytwoydomains?
Evolutiony-yanswer--
theyprocessybyywhichydifferentykindsyofylivingyorganismsyareythoughtytoyhaveydevelope
dyandydiversifiedyfromyearlieryformsyduringytheyhistoryyofytheyearth
example:yostrichesyandyemusyevolvedytoyhaveylargerybodiesyandyfeetymadeyforyrunnin
gyonyland
carbon,yoxygen,yhydrogen,ynitrogeny-yanswer--
livingyorganismsyareymadeyupyofywhatyfourycommonyelements?
Genomey-yanswer--Theycompleteygeneticymaterialyofyanyorganismyoryspecies
Proteomey-yanswer--
Theycompleteycomplementyofyproteinsythatyaycellyoryanyorganismymakes.
polarycovalentybondy-yanswer--
aycovalentybondyinywhichytheyelectronydensityyisyunevenlyysharedybetweenytheytwoybo
ndedyatoms,ydueytoyaydifferenceyinyelectronegativityyorydueytoyinductiveyeffects
, nonpolarycovalentybondy-yanswer--
aytypeyofychemicalybondythatyisyformedywhenyelectronsyareysharedyequallyybetweenytw
oyatoms
hydrogenybondy-yanswer--
interactionyinvolvingyayhydrogenyatomylocatedybetweenyaypairyofyotheryatomsyhavingyay
highyaffinityyforyelectrons.
ionicybondy-yanswer--
typeyofylinkageyformedyfromytheyelectrostaticyattractionybetweenyoppositelyychargedyio
nsyinyaychemicalycompound
Vanyderywallsybonds
ionic,yhydrogen,yandyvanyderywallsyinteractionsyareyconsideredyweakybondsy-yanswer--
whichykindyofybondyisyayweakybond?
giveyexamples
atomy-yanswer--
theysmallestypartyofyaysubstanceythatycannotybeybrokenydownychemically
iony-yanswer--
anyatomyorymoleculeywithyaynetychargeydueytoytheylossyorygainyofyoneyorymoreyelectron
s
moleculey-yanswer--
theysmallestyparticleyofyaysubstanceythatyhasyallyofytheyphysicalyandychemicalypropertie
syofythatysubstance
Compoundy-yanswer--
aysubstanceymadeyfromytwoyorymoreydifferentyelementsythatyhaveybeenychemicallyyjoin
ed
serumycalciumywhichyisyaybloodytestytoymeasureytheyamountyofycalciumyinytheybloody-
yanswer--WhatydoesyCa^++yrepresent?
Sodiumyiony-yanswer--WhatydoesyNa^+yrepresent?
Chloriney-yanswer--WhatydoesyCl^-yrepresent?
isotopey-yanswer--
eachyofytwoyorymoreyformsyofytheysameyelementythatycontainyequalynumbersyofyproton
sybutydifferentynumbersyofyneutronsyinytheirynuclei,yandyhenceydifferyinyrelativeyatomicy
massybutynotyinychemicalyproperties;yinyparticular,yayradioactiveyformyofyanyelement.
isotopesyareyidentifiedybyytheirymass,ywhichyisytheytotalynumberyofyprotonsyandyneutron
s.yYouycanyaddytheynumberyofyprotonsyandyneutronsytogether.y-yanswer--
canyyouyidentifyyanyisotopeyofyanyelement?yhowydoyyouydoythis?
polarity,ycohesive,yandyadhesiony-yanswer--whatyareytheypropertiesyofywater?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
scientificymethody-yanswer--
theyprocessyofyscienceydealsywithyvariationyprimarilyythroughyanyorganizedysequencey
ofystepsythatymaintainyasymuchyobjectivityyandyrepeatabilityyasypossible.yTheseyloosely
-organizedystepsyareycalledy______________yandyvaryyfromysituationytoysituation
Theystepsyofyscientificymethody-yanswer--1.yMakeyinsightfulyobservations
2.yposeyandyclarifyytestableyquestions
3.yformulateyhypotheses
4.ydoyexperimentsytoygatherydata
5.yquantifyytheydata
6.yrefineyhypothesesyandyretest
7.yanswerytheyquestionsyandymakeyconclusions
hypothesisy-yanswer--
aystatementythatyclearlyystatesytheyrelationshipybetweenybiologicalyvariables.
ayhypothesisyisyanyideayaboutyhowysomethingyworksythatycanybeytestedyusingyexperim
ents.yaypredictionysaysywhatywillyhappenyinyanyexperimentyifytheyhypothesisyisycorrect.y
-yanswer--howydoyhypothesisyandypredictionydiffer?
controlygroupy-yanswer--
doesynotyreceiveytreatmentyinyanyexperiment.yservesyasyaycomparisonygroupyforytheytr
eatments.
experimentalygroupy-yanswer--
theygroupyinyaystudyythatyreceivedytheytreatmentyinyanyexperiment
geneytheoryy-yanswer--
theoryythatytraitsyareypassedyfromyparentsytoyoffspringythroughygeneytransmission
Deoxyribonucleicyacidy(DNA)yisyaymoleculeythatycarriesytheygeneticyinformationyforythey
developmentyandyfunctioningyofyanyorganism.yItyisymadeyofytwoylinkedystrandsythatywin
dyaroundyeach.yItycontainsyfourybuildingyblocksycalledynucleotide:yadenine,ythymine,ygu
anine,yandycytosine-
yATyandyGTyforceychemicalybondsycalledybaseypairsywhichyconnectytheytwoystrands.y-
yanswer--WhatyisyDNAyandywhatydoesyitycontain?
ecologyy-yanswer--
theybranchyofybiologyythatydealsywithytheyrelationsyofyorganismsytoyoneyanotheryandytoyt
heiryphysicalysurroundings.
,exypopulation-
ytheystudyyofyinfectiousydiseaseypatternsyinytheyhumanypopulation,ycommunity-
yforestycommunity,yandyecosystem-
ytheyrelationshipsybetweenytheyaquaticyenvironmentyandytheyplantsyandyanimalsythatyc
allyityhome
taxonomyy-yanswer--
ayscienceythatydealsywithynaming,ydescribingyandyclassificationyofyallylivingyorganismsyi
ncludingyplants
kingdom,yphylum,yclass,yorder,yfamily,ygenus,yspeciesy(KPCOFGS)y-yanswer--
whatyisytheyorderyofytaxonomicyhierarchiesy(fromymostygeneralytoymostyspecific)
biologicalynomenclaturey-yanswer--
formalysystemyofynamingyspeciesyofylivingythingsybyygivingyeachyaynameycomposedyofy
twoyparts
theyfirstynameyisygenus,ytheysecondywordyisyspeciesy-yanswer--
whatyareytheytwoynamesyinynomenclatureygivenytoyanyorganism
Bacteria,yArchaea,yEukaryay-yanswer--whatyareytheythreeydomainsyofylife?
bacteria:yprokaryoticyorganismsybelong;ycellsydoynotycontainyaynucleus
Archae:yprokaryoticyorganismsyeitherybelong;ycellsydoynotycontainyaynucleus;ytheyyhav
eyaydifferentycellywallyfromybacteria
Eukarya:yorganismsywithyeukaryoticycells;ycellsycontainyaynucleusy-yanswer--
giveyexamplesyofyorganismsybelongingytoyeachydomain
BacteriayandyArchaeay-yanswer--prokaryotesyfallyintoywhichytwoydomains?
Evolutiony-yanswer--
theyprocessybyywhichydifferentykindsyofylivingyorganismsyareythoughtytoyhaveydevelope
dyandydiversifiedyfromyearlieryformsyduringytheyhistoryyofytheyearth
example:yostrichesyandyemusyevolvedytoyhaveylargerybodiesyandyfeetymadeyforyrunnin
gyonyland
carbon,yoxygen,yhydrogen,ynitrogeny-yanswer--
livingyorganismsyareymadeyupyofywhatyfourycommonyelements?
Genomey-yanswer--Theycompleteygeneticymaterialyofyanyorganismyoryspecies
Proteomey-yanswer--
Theycompleteycomplementyofyproteinsythatyaycellyoryanyorganismymakes.
polarycovalentybondy-yanswer--
aycovalentybondyinywhichytheyelectronydensityyisyunevenlyysharedybetweenytheytwoybo
ndedyatoms,ydueytoyaydifferenceyinyelectronegativityyorydueytoyinductiveyeffects
, nonpolarycovalentybondy-yanswer--
aytypeyofychemicalybondythatyisyformedywhenyelectronsyareysharedyequallyybetweenytw
oyatoms
hydrogenybondy-yanswer--
interactionyinvolvingyayhydrogenyatomylocatedybetweenyaypairyofyotheryatomsyhavingyay
highyaffinityyforyelectrons.
ionicybondy-yanswer--
typeyofylinkageyformedyfromytheyelectrostaticyattractionybetweenyoppositelyychargedyio
nsyinyaychemicalycompound
Vanyderywallsybonds
ionic,yhydrogen,yandyvanyderywallsyinteractionsyareyconsideredyweakybondsy-yanswer--
whichykindyofybondyisyayweakybond?
giveyexamples
atomy-yanswer--
theysmallestypartyofyaysubstanceythatycannotybeybrokenydownychemically
iony-yanswer--
anyatomyorymoleculeywithyaynetychargeydueytoytheylossyorygainyofyoneyorymoreyelectron
s
moleculey-yanswer--
theysmallestyparticleyofyaysubstanceythatyhasyallyofytheyphysicalyandychemicalypropertie
syofythatysubstance
Compoundy-yanswer--
aysubstanceymadeyfromytwoyorymoreydifferentyelementsythatyhaveybeenychemicallyyjoin
ed
serumycalciumywhichyisyaybloodytestytoymeasureytheyamountyofycalciumyinytheybloody-
yanswer--WhatydoesyCa^++yrepresent?
Sodiumyiony-yanswer--WhatydoesyNa^+yrepresent?
Chloriney-yanswer--WhatydoesyCl^-yrepresent?
isotopey-yanswer--
eachyofytwoyorymoreyformsyofytheysameyelementythatycontainyequalynumbersyofyproton
sybutydifferentynumbersyofyneutronsyinytheirynuclei,yandyhenceydifferyinyrelativeyatomicy
massybutynotyinychemicalyproperties;yinyparticular,yayradioactiveyformyofyanyelement.
isotopesyareyidentifiedybyytheirymass,ywhichyisytheytotalynumberyofyprotonsyandyneutron
s.yYouycanyaddytheynumberyofyprotonsyandyneutronsytogether.y-yanswer--
canyyouyidentifyyanyisotopeyofyanyelement?yhowydoyyouydoythis?
polarity,ycohesive,yandyadhesiony-yanswer--whatyareytheypropertiesyofywater?
